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GIS Lecture: Maps

GIS Lecture: Maps. Summary. Thematic Maps (Choropleth) Use of Color Categorical Maps Graphical Hierarchy. Thematic vs. Categorical. Thematic maps – Quantity - different amounts Categorical maps – Quality - different types. Thematic Maps. Classification Intervals.

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GIS Lecture: Maps

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  1. GIS Lecture: Maps

  2. Summary • Thematic Maps (Choropleth) • Use of Color • Categorical Maps • Graphical Hierarchy

  3. Thematic vs. Categorical • Thematic maps – Quantity - different amounts • Categorical maps – Quality - different types

  4. Thematic Maps

  5. Classification Intervals • Edit the classifications and layer properties

  6. Original Map (Natural Breaks) Uninsured U.S. Population, 2005

  7. Custom Map (Equal Intervals) Uninsured U.S. Population, 2005

  8. Other Numeric Intervals Pittsburgh, PA: Neighborhood proportion under poverty and average BMI per neighborhood BMI 18.5 - 24.9 ! 25.0 - 29.9 30.0+ Percentage in Poverty 0 - 12.5% 12.51% - 19.99% 20.0% - 39.99% 40.0% - 70.10% Data Sources: BRFSS data, 2000;City of Pgh City Planning Dept., U.S. Census 2000

  9. Use of Color

  10. Color Overview • Colors have meaning • Cool colors calming, Warm colors exciting • Cool colors appear smaller than warm colors and they visually recede on the page, so red can visually overpower and stand out over blue even if used in equal amounts • Colors have political and cultural meanings

  11. Color Overview • Hue is the basic color • Value is the amount of white or black in the color • Saturation refers to a color scale that ranges from a pure hue to gray or black

  12. Color Overview • Monochromatic color scale is a series of colors of the same hue with color value varied from low to high

  13. Customized ramps • Customize the Properties of a layer

  14. Color Wheel Guidelines • Use opposite colors- those directly across from one another to differentiate graphic features • 3 or 4 colors equally spaced- good for differentiating graphic features • Use adjacent colors for harmony- such as blue, blue green, and green or red, red-orange, and orange

  15. Contrasting and Non-contrasting Colors

  16. Dichromatic Color Scale • Two monochromatic scales joined together with a low color in the center, color increasing toward both ends • Natural middle-point, such as 0 for some quantities (profits and losses, increases and decreases)

  17. Change Map Example

  18. Color Spots • White background allows color spot to be visualized

  19. Color Spot Ramp

  20. Categorical Maps

  21. Categorical Map Example • - Light Pole Owner

  22. Categorical Map Example • - Zoning

  23. Categorical Map Example • - Street sweeping days

  24. Graphic Hierarchy

  25. Graphic Hierarchy • Assign bright colors to the most important graphic elements • Such graphic elements are called “figure”

  26. Graphic Hierarchy • Assign drab colors to the graphic elements that provide orientation or context, especially shades of gray • Such graphic elements are called “ground”

  27. Graphic Hierarchy • Place a strong boundary, such as a heavy black line, around polygons that are important to increase figure • Use a coarse, heavy cross-hatch or pattern to make some polygons important, placing them in figure

  28. Graphic Hierarchy

  29. Summary • Thematic Maps (Choropleth) • Use of Color • Categorical Maps • Graphical Hierarchy

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