Dangers of UV

1. uVC LEDs NUVC Series Dangers of UV It is important to recognize that some of the same qualities that make UV LEDs very powerful and useful – their short wavelength and high energy – are also the qualities that make them dangerous The warning labels on UV LEDs and their products are clear but bear noting: UV-LEDs emit invisible ultra-violet radiation when in operation, which may be harmful to eyes or skin, even for brief periods.

2. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release • NUVC66 Series UVC type SMT LEDs • Long lifetime LED construction • Precise 278nm wavelength energy • Small SMD case size • Replace short lifetime UV lamps • Replace energy wasteful UV lamps • Eliminate hazardous disposal common to UV lamps * • Wide operating range of -40°C to +60°C • Supports wide range of applications • NIC Components is pleased to announce the addition of UVC type LEDs to its’ expanded offering of UV LED products. The newly added NUVC66 series operates at 278nm, with a radiant flux of 1.3mW minimum at 20mA forward current and forward voltage of 5.7V. Ideal for use in water purification, sterilization and disinfection applications, phototherapy, florescent spectroscopy, sensor light for instrumentation applications, bio-analysis detection, counterfeit detection, as well as in curing applications, in conjunction with UVA (longer) wavelength LEDs for superior results, in surface curing, over single wavelength methods. Supplied in surface mount 6.0mm x 6.0mm package, with 1.4mm height, NUVC66 is ideal for use in low profile applications. With thermal resistance of 37°C/W, the NUVC66 ceramic body package includes thermal pad on underside of the device, for heat dissipation and improved thermal management. LED construction provides long lifetime performance over operating temperature range of -40°C to +60°C, with a thermal junction maximum of +65°C. Supplied tape and reeled on embossed carrier tape for automated pick and placement, followed by reflow soldering, NUVC66 is RoHS compliant and halogen free. NUVC66 unit pricing from $28.15 each, in production volumes. Please contact NIC for samples and to review your requirements. * - UV lamps contain mercury, a toxic substance, classified as a hazardous substance, and therefore UV lamps must be disposed of in a safe manner, to comply with the WEEE directive

3. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release

4. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release Solder attach this large heat sink terminal (thermal pad) to metal PCB to maximize heat transfer, and control junction temperature (Tj) below +65°C

5. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release Spectrum half width (Δ) is the width of the wavelength emission curve at 50% (half) of full intensity PN: NUVC66DW278TRF the spectrum half width is 12nm (Typ) Radiation pattern for PN: NUVC66DW278TRF 121° viewing angle is characterized at 50% emission intensity

6. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release NUVC66 Series UVC type SMT LEDs See NIC specification for performance and characteristics curves http://www.niccomp.com/catalog/NUVC66.pdf ? - Review your requirements with NIC technical support: tpmg@niccomp.com

7. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release NUVC66 Series UVC type SMT LEDs Application: UV Sterilization Demo module NIC PN: NUVC66DW278 - Demo Module

8. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release NUVC66 Series UVC type SMT LEDs GUIDELINE: Use metal PCB with high thermal conductivity, so the temperature of LED package does not exceed the maximum junction temperature (TJ) of +65°C Application: UV Sterilization Demo module NIC PN: NUVC66DW278 - Demo Module Heat GUIDELINE: Thermal management and thermal design is important to consider from earliest design stage, as performance of the UVC LED package will be affected by the thermal resistance of the circuit board, the density of the LED placement with surrounding components and effectiveness of the heat dissipation (heat sink, cooling) connection to the thermal pad on underside of the component (see drawing left) ?– Unsure? … Please review your requirements with NIC technical support: tpmg@niccomp.com

9. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release

10. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release

11. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release NUVC66 Series – Thermal Characteristics Thermal junction temperature ‘Tj’; at ambient temperatures +25°C / +40°C / +60°C

12. UV LEDs: Type UVC New Product Release NUVC66 Series: Lifetime – Endurance Characteristics Typical lifetime endurance performance • Ambient Temperature: +25°C • UVC type: PN: NUVC66 • Life test period: 3000 hrs ~ 8000hrs • Drive Current: 20mA • Tj : +40°C Life test limit: 50% decrease in output Lifetime - Endurance performance:  18,000 hours

13. UV LEDs: Type UVC Roadmap P/N: NUVC35DW278TRF (3535 package 278nm wavelength) P/N: NUVC66DW278TRF (6060 package, 278nm wavelength)

14. Applications – UVC … in microorganisms UVC light typically from 245nm to 280nm will break the molecular bonds within DNA, rendering them harmless or prohibiting growth and reproduction UVC - 278nm Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, molds and other pathogens) by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions. UVGI is used in a variety of applications, such as food, air, and water purification. UV treatment does not alter the material (water, food, air) chemically; nothing is being added except energy and the sterilized microorganisms are not removed. HISTORY: The application of UVGI to disinfection has been an accepted practice since the mid-20th century. It has been used primarily in medical sanitation and sterile work facilities. Increasingly it has been employed to sterilize drinking and wastewater. In recent years UVGI has found renewed application in air purifiers. For water treatment low-pressure mercury vapor lamps produce ultraviolet radiation for disinfection and ozone destruction. The UV lamp never contacts the water; it is either housed in a quartz glass sleeve inside the water chamber or mounted external to the water which flows through UV transparent tubes. UVGI - Air UVGI - Water global market for ultraviolet (UV) disinfection equipment $1.1 billion (2013)

15. Applications – UVC Ultraviolet (UV) Collimated Beam Systems employ LEDs that emit radiation in the germicidal range. The reduced footprint of these UV LEDs, coupled with their low-power consumption allows the realization of a table-top scale, homogenized UV delivery system. In addition, UV LEDs feature an narrow band emission, allowing our systems to provide engineered spectra. Our UV LED source features instant On/Off capabilities coupled with compact size, allowing for increased energy and space efficiency. UVGI - Water Collimated Beam for Water / Wastewater Ultraviolet Disinfection

16. Applications – UVC Instant On/Off = Pulsed Operation White Paper (WP) – "Pulsed UV-C disinfection of Escherichia coli with light-emitting diodes, emitted at various repetition rates and duty cycles" Abstract: … (UVC) LEDs would use less power, and allow more flexibility than other sources of UV energy in that the user may select various pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs), pulse irradiances, pulse widths, duty cycles and types of waveform output (e.g. square waves, sine waves, triangular waves, etc.). Our study exposed Escherichia coli samples to square pulses of 272 nm radiation at various PRFs and duty cycles. A statistically significant correlation was found between E. coli's disinfection sensitivity and these parameters. Although our sample size was small, these results show promise and are worthy of further investigation. … 3rd Party Comments on above WP: The authors predict that LED pulsing at 10% duty cycle would provide the most energy-efficient disinfection.

17. Competing Technologies & Applications – UVC Xenon Lamp Mercury Lamp Competing Technologies UVC LED Among the UV ‘lamp’ options, xenon lamps reach hundreds of wattsbut have a very broad spectrum (Wasteful!) that spans both UV and visible/near-IR regions. Unfortunately, as the chart left shows, lamps suffer from the age-old afflictions that are causing the lighting industry to move to LED options: Lamps are cheaper today (about $100 for xenon/mercury-xenon), but suffer from shorter lifetimes and may succumb to LED successes in reduced energy consumption and ruggedness. UV disinfection products for surfaces (non-mercury pulsed xenon lamps), for water purification (lamps and LEDs) So just who is using UV disinfection? Hospitals are embracing the technology more and more, especially considering that certain Medicare payments are stopping for hospital stays caused by surgical site infections (SSIs) …a large commercial market; water treatment facilities around the world use UV lamps to kill bacteria. They currently use mercury vapor lamps,which are inefficient and offer little directional control. Another application is the sterilization of water in remote areas.

18. Competing Technologies & Applications – UVC Competing Technologies Mercury Lamp vs. UV LED Advantages UV LEDs

19. Competitors – UVC Some SMD UVC LED Competitors

20. Review – Q & A - UVC LEDs NUVC66

21. Q & A Open Discussion NIC has broad offering in Performance Passives Additional Information Needed? Need Samples? Technical Support: tpmg@niccompcom Sales Support: sales@niccomp.com • European Engineering Support • North America Engineering Support • SE Asia Engineering Support Page 21