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Chapter 3 The Atom

Chapter 3 The Atom . Day One and Day Two . History of the atom notes Black Circle Activity . Black Circles . You and your partner will be given a black circle. Within the black circle is a ball and some barrier Your job is to figure out what shape the barrier is…. .

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Chapter 3 The Atom

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  1. Chapter 3 The Atom

  2. Day One and Day Two History of the atom notesBlack Circle Activity

  3. Black Circles • You and your partner will be given a black circle. • Within the black circle is a ball and some barrier • Your job is to figure out what shape the barrier is….

  4. The Greek Philosophers Democritus Aristotle Greek Philosopher Matter was continuous Table (chop forever) • Greek Philosopher • Nature must be small particles which were indivisible

  5. John Dalton • Matter = particles with definite size & mass 2. All atoms that make up an element have the same mass.

  6. John Dalton 3. Atoms of 2 different elements have different masses. 4. Atoms come together in definite ratios to form compounds. H2O

  7. Thomson • Studied the Cathode Ray Tubes • Rays appear on phosphorescent screen when an electrical current is sent through • Atoms are neutral • How could the magnet affect these particles? • Must be smaller positive and negative particles

  8. J.J. Thomson

  9. Rutherford • Gold Foil Experiment • What did he expect? • Majority of particles to hit straight across opening

  10. What actually happened? • Most went through • Few particles hit foil and bounced back

  11. Conclusions from the Gold Foil Experiment • Atom is mostly empty space • Mass is concentrated in the center • Nucleus is positive

  12. Day Three Rutherford Marble Activity

  13. Rutherford: Measuring what you cannot see

  14. Day Four Lab Write-upReview for quiz

  15. Dalton • What is the name of his theory? • What are elements made of? • An atom of hydrogen and an atom of carbon are ________ • What are compounds made of?

  16. J.J. Thomson • What did Thomson discover? • What is the charge of an electron?

  17. Rutherford • What is the charge of an alpha particle? • Why is Rutherford’s experiment called the gold foil experiment? • How did he know the atom was mostly empty space?

  18. Rutherford 4. What happened to the alpha particles as they hit the gold foil? 5. How did he know that the nucleus was positively charged?

  19. Day Five Lecture: Nuclide SymbolsQuiz: History of Atomic Structure

  20. Structure of the Atom • Proton • Nucleus • Positive Charged • Neutron • Nucleus • Neutrally charged • Electron • Outside the nucleus • Negatively charged

  21. Nuclide Symbols • Atomic Number • Mass Number

  22. Nuclide Symbol • Write the nuclide symbol for a potassium atom that has 21 neutrons.

  23. Lets Try a FewWrite the Nuclide Symbols • A lithium atom with 4 neutrons • A sulfur atom with 15 neutrons

  24. Assignment • Page 20 • Practice Problems: Writing Nuclide Symbols • First Four

  25. Day Six Lecture: Nuclide Symbols& Isotopes

  26. Nuclide Symbols • Mass Number • Atomic Number

  27. Lets Try a Few!! • Write the nuclide symbols for the following: • Copper- 64 • A Sulfur with has 17 neutrons • Potassium- 39

  28. Isotopes • Atoms of the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

  29. Assignment • Page 20 and 21

  30. Day Seven LECTURE: NUCLIDE SYMBOLS AND IONS

  31. Nuclide Symbols

  32. Nuclide Symbols for Ions • What is an ion? • An ion is a charged particle • It could be positive or negative • What does that do to the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons?

  33. Example • 40K+1 , Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

  34. Lets Try a Few! • Determine the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons in the following: • 81Br-1 • 18N-3

  35. Radioactivity • Three types of Radioactivity • Alpha • Beta • Gamma

  36. Assignment • Page 22 • Complete the first table

  37. Day Eight Nuclide Symbols/ Radioactivity Pre-Lab Flame Test

  38. Radioactivity • Three types of Radioactivity • Alpha • Beta • Gamma

  39. Example

  40. Properties of Electrons • Most of the atom’s mass is made up of ______ • Most of the atom’s volume is made up of _____ • Found in __________

  41. Properties of Electrons • The closer the electron is to the nucleus the less energy it has

  42. Ground vs. Excited States Ground State Excited State Electrons receive energy move farther away Release E to drop back down to ground state (LIGHT) Light can be seen in different colors Elements can be identified by observing the colors it releases • Close to nucleus as possible

  43. Assignment • Radioactivity Worksheet

  44. Day Nine Flame testReview for Nuclide and Radioactivity Quiz

  45. Day Ten Quiz: Nuclide and Radioactivity Lab Write-up

  46. Day Eleven Electron Configuration

  47. Locating/Mapping Electrons • Energy Levels (n) • Higher the n farther away from the nucleus • More Energy • Sublevels • Number of sublevels is related to the energy level • N=1 : 1 sublevel , N=2: 2 sublevels • N= 3 : ? Sublevels , N=4 : ??? , N= 5: ???

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