1 / 8

Instrumental Chemistry

Instrumental Chemistry. Chapter 1 Introduction. Classical Methods. Early years of chemistry Separation of analytes by precipitation, extraction, or distillation.

valiant
Download Presentation

Instrumental Chemistry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Instrumental Chemistry Chapter 1 Introduction

  2. Classical Methods Early years of chemistry • Separation of analytes by precipitation, extraction, or distillation. • Qualitative analysis by reaction of analytes with reagents that yielded products that could be recognized by their colors, boiling or melting points, solubilities, optical activities, or refractive indexes. • Quantitative analysis by gravimetric or by titrimetric techniques.

  3. Instrumental Methods • Measurement of physical properties of analytes - such as conductivity, electrode potential, light absorption or emission, mass-to-charge ratio, and fluorescence-began to be employed for quantitative analysis of inorganic, organic, and biochemical analytes. • Efficient chromatographic separation techniques are used for the separation of components of complex mixtures. • Instrumental Methods of analysis (collective name for newer methods for separation and determination of chemical species.)

  4. Bias • Bias provides a measure of the systematic, • or determinate, error of an • analytical method. • bias = g – xt • Where:g is the population mean for • the concentration of analyte in a sample that • has a true concentration of xt

  5. Sensitivity Ability to discriminate between small differences is analyte concentration. calibration sensitivity, S = MC + Sbi S = measured signal c = concentration of analyte Sbi = instrument signal for a blan M = slope of the straight line

  6. Applicable Concentration Range The figure below illustrates the definition of the useful range of an analytical method, which is from the lowest concentration at which the quantitative measurements can be made (limit of quantitation LOQ) to the concentration at which the calibration curve departs from linearit (limit of linearity LOL)

  7. Applicable Concentration Range

  8. Useful Websites Dealing With Instrumental Analysis American Chemical Society: http://www.acs.org Chemical Abstracts Service: http://www.cas.org Chemical Center Home Page: (maintained by ACS) http://www.chemcenter/org Science Magazine: http://www.sciencemag.org

More Related