THE GRAMMAR OF RECIPES

1. THE GRAMMAR OF RECIPES 1º DIRECCIÓN COCINA

2. ReadtherecipeHow can youtranslatethewords in red ? Scones 400 g flour 50 g butter 1/4 litre milk 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/2 teaspoon baking powder Mix flour, salt and baking powder together. Rub in the butter and then add the milk a little at a time . The mixture should be soft but firm, not sticky. Lift it onto a floured surface and pat it into a circle about 2 cm thick. Cut it into small circles with the top of a small glass. Put themonto a greased tin, brush them with milk or some beaten egg, and bake them in a very hot oven (220ºC)for about 10 minutes. Split them open while still hot, spread them with butter , and eat immediately.

3. English recipes have some special characteristics. 1) Always use the imperative, without the subject. Peel the potatoes Negative: DO NOT + infinitive Wash the tomatoes but do not peel them We use the present simple because the subjunctive doesn't exist in English Until they are done = hastaqueesténhechos

4. A. Translate. 1. First melt the butter, then peel the potatoes 2. Mix the pasta with the marinated fish 3. Slice the tomatoes but do not season them until they are warm 4.This oven is really hot, do not put your hand inside

5. Answers: 1. Primero derrite la mantequilla, después pela las patatas 2. Mezcla la pasta con el pescado marinado 3. Corta en rodajas los tomates pero no los sazones hasta que estén templados 4. Este horno está muy caliente, no pongas la mano dentro

6. 2) There are some key words and important features. a) prepositions of place and movement: in , into (dentro de), on (encima de) , over , on top of (porencima de), under (debajo de ) sometimes a preposition is used but it doesn't add a lot of information, it is merely visual Knead in the nuts and raisins.

7. sequence and time markers: First(primeramente), then (después) afterthat ( a continuación) finally(finalmente) until(hasta que) while (mientras) for= during (durante) before (antes de) after(después de)

8. B. Fill in the gaps with one preposition or sequence marker. then, /afterthat First, 1. ___________ wash the sweet potatoes, ______________ microwave them _______________ ten minutes until they are soft . 2. Pour a little water ______________ the vegetables, and sprinkle some grated cheese ______________ them 3. First, make the cream ,___________ let the cream get cool and ____________ put it ______________ the fridge ____________________ it is cold. ________________ cut the sponge cake through the middle and fill it with the cream. Putit back _______________ thefridge _______________ youserveit. For/during over on top of Then, afterthat in until Then /afterthat In/inside/into Until

9. 3) Use a gerund after every preposition, even if in Spanish it is an infinitive. • Afterboilingtheeggs (después de cocer los huevos…..) • This kind of cheese is good for melting (estequesoesbuenoparafundir)

10. 4) Any word can be a verb or noun, etc if we use it as such. • Brownthe bread slightly before adding it to the sauce. (= fry or toast the bread until it becomes brown) • Microwave the potatoes.(= bakethem in themicrowave oven) • Butterthetoast

11. 5) Some parts of the sentences are not said. • When done, transfer to a serving dish. (= whenitis done) • Addsomesugarinstead of honeyifpreferred (= ifyouprefer so) Mostoften, they are thesubject and theverbwhenwe can imagethem Iffrozen, thawthefishbeforeusingit.

12. C. Translate: 1. Before peeling them, wash the potatoes 2. This pan is good for boiling water 3. Microwave the ham for a few seconds until crusty 4. When done, put the chicken on a clean dish and serve with salad 5. After buying the fish, always keep it in a fridge or cold place

13. Answers. 1. Antes de pelarlas, lava las patatas 2. Esta olla es buena para hervir agua 3. Pon el jamón en el microondas durante unos segundos hasta que esté crujiente 4. Cuando esté hecho, pon el pollo en una bandeja limpia y sirve con ensalada 5. Después de comprar el pescado, guárdalo siempre en la nevera o un lugar frío

14. 6) The same word means different things if it ends in -ed or –ing. • Thatismarinatedfish (= marinado) ED meansthisutensiloringredient has beenmodified (-ado) • That is marinating salt.(= para marinar) ING has an active meaning, itsuggestsyou are goingto use itforsomething. (- ar) FriedtomatoesFrying pan

15. D. Can you suggest a way to say the following in English? More than one answer can be correct. 1. empanar 2. cuandoestédorada 3. sardinasenlatadas 4. funde con 5. aceiteparafreir 6. enmantequillar To bread Whengolden/brown cannedsardines meltwith fryingoil Tobutter

16. 7) it/them are used for utensils, ingredients, etc. • It is for countable singular words and for uncountable words (the milk, the soup) • Them is for countable plural words only (the potatoes, the chicken legs, etc) Itthem

17. E. Fill in the gaps. 1. These are the tomatoes, peel ___________________ and put ______________ in the salad. 2. This oil is too strong, don't use ___________ for this recipe, it will make _______________ bitter 3. Cut the apples and put _______________ on a dish, then get some sugar, and sprinkle ________ over the apples, put ______________ in the oven. If the oven is not hot, preheat _____________ for ten minutes them them it it them it it it

18. Chooseone of these popular recipes and writeit in English Cheesesouffle Creme caramel Pizza Margherita