Chapter Twenty-Six

1. Chapter Twenty-Six Organizing Persuasive Speeches

2. Chapter Twenty-Six Table of Contents • Factors to Consider in Choosing an Organizational Pattern • A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches

3. Factors to consider:Arguments and Evidence Organization can depend on the type of claim: • Claims of policy = problem-solution • Claims of value = comparative-advantage • Claims of fact = cause-effect or problem-cause

4. Factors to consider:The Audience • Organization can depend on the target audience and their feelings toward the topic. • Refutation pattern = Hostile Audiences • Narrative pattern = Sympathetic Audiences

5. Factors to consider:The speech purpose • The type and degree of change you seek, also known as the speech purpose, can determine the organizational pattern.

6. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Problem-Solution Pattern • Problem-Solution Pattern: first demonstrate the nature and significance of the problem and then provide justification for a proposed solution.

7. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Problem-Cause-Solution Pattern • Problem-Cause-Solution Pattern: first demonstrate the nature of the problem, reasons for the problem, unsatisfactory solutions, and a proposed solution.

8. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Developed by Alan Monroe, Monroe’sMotivated Sequence provides an organizational pattern for planning and presenting persuasive speeches.

9. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Step 1: Attention • Step 2: Need • Step 3: Satisfaction • Step 4: Visualization • Step 5: Action

10. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Monroe’s Motivated Sequence:Step 1: Attention • A persuasive speech should begin by getting the audience’s attention. • Address core concerns of the audience.

11. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Monroe’s Motivated Sequence:Step 2: Need • The need step isolates and describes the issue. • Give the audience a reason to listen to your propositions.

12. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Monroe’s Motivated Sequence:Step 3: Satisfaction • The satisfaction step identifies the solution. • Offer the audience a proposal to reinforce or change their attitudes, beliefs, and values regarding the need at hand.

13. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Monroe’s Motivated Sequence:Step 4: Visualization • The visualization step carries the audience from accepting the feasibility of your proposal to seeing how it will actually benefit them. • Invoke the needs of self-esteem and self-actualization.

14. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Monroe’s Motivated Sequence:Step 5: Action • The action step involves making a direct request of the audience to act.

15. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Comparative-Advantage Pattern • Comparative-Advantage Pattern: organized by favorably comparing your position to the alternatives.

16. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches:Refutation Pattern • Refutation Pattern: address each main point and then refute it.