DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF LIGHTOUSES LIGHTSHIPS

1. DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF LIGHTOUSES & LIGHTSHIPS

2. Coastal Navigation Brief history on the evolution of AIS Salient features of AIS Concept of AIS Network National AIS Network Tracking of Small Vessels Objectives & Importance

3. COASTAL PHASE OF NAVIGATION

4. HAZARDS IN COASTAL NAVIGATION

5. IMO ACCURACY REQUIREMENT (A 915/22)

6. ATONS FOR COASTAL NAVIGATION

7. Issue - correlation of position and identity at sea and in port approaches (VTS areas) Earlier suggestions: Modify the existing GMDSS VHF DSC system Amend existing standard to support extended messages Minimal cost to ships Swedish proposal: develop a device capable of automatic and continuous operation using Self Organising Time Division Multiple Access (SOTDMA) technology – AIS accepted in the mid 1990’s

9. IMO PERFORMANCE STANDARD(Resolution MSC.74(69) – May 1998) 1. The AIS should improve the safety of navigation by assisting in the efficient navigation of ships, protection of the environment, and operation of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS), by satisfying three functional requirements: (a) in a ship-to-ship mode for collision avoidance; (b) as a means for littoral States to obtain information about their ship and its cargo; and (c) as a VTS tool, i.e. ship-to-shore (traffic management). 2. The AIS should be capable of providing to ships and to competent authorities, information from the ship, automatically and with the required accuracy and frequency, to facilitate accurate tracking. Transmission of the data should be with the minimum involvement of ship's personnel and with a high level of availability. SOLAS Chapter V (Regulation 19) mandates the carriage requirement and outlines the role of shipboard AIS for ships above 300 tons engaged in international traffic.

10. AIS – SALIENT FEATURES VHF transceiver operating automatically and continuously Digital communication in broadcast mode – all stations can “see” each other Works on ‘4S’ principle - Ship to Ship and Ship to Shore Exchange of information such as identity, position, SOG, COG, destination, ETA etc. Provision of fast, automatic and accurate information on risk of collision (Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and Time to CPA) Uses SOTDMA (Self Organising Time Division Multiple Access) over 2000 reports / min Advantages over radar

12. HOW DOES AN AIS HELP? For a ship: It provides them vital data about ships in its neighbourhood (much more than a radar); It provides extended tracking beyond what the ship’s radar provides; It provides MSI as broadcasted by shore AIS; For ashore: It provides with identification of the ships (a radar does not provide this); It provides extended tracking beyond the shore radar;

13. WHAT DOES AN AIS (CLASS A) DO? SHORT SAFETY RELATED Addressed or broadcast

14. CLASS B AIS Lower priority on VHF data link – it has to wait for a free slot – it does not maintain a ‘slot map’ No standard requirement for a display If speed of the craft is greater than 2 knots – reporting interval of 30 seconds (else 3 minutes) Max message size – one ‘slot’ Source: ITU-R M. 1371-3

17. COMPONENTS OF AN AIS NETWORK AIS Network essentially comprises of: A Chain of shore AIS stations; Located, such that they provide overlapping coverage; The shore stations are linked to a central data processing centre by means of VSAT and Leased Lines; The data processing centre connects to various users across the country;

18. WHY AN AIS NETWORK The range of an AIS is about 25 Nautical Miles; The Indian coastline is about 7517 Kms, thus more than one AIS shore station is required to cover the entire Indian coast; All vessels above 100 tons in Indian coastal waters (25 Nautical Miles from coast) would be tracked and more importantly identified;

19. OVERVIEW OF THE NATIONAL AIS NETWORK Phase I: 74 AIS shore stations to cover the main land; Phase II: 7 AIS shore stations to cover A&N and 6 Lakshadweep Islands; Located across the Indian Coast on lighthouses; Interconnected by means of VSAT & Leased Lines;

20. Regional Control Centres would: Monitor the status of the AIS shore stations; Provide maintenance and remote diagnostics; Coastal Control Centres would: Provide data fusion; Record data for later replay; Statistical Analysis; Provide an integrated picture to operators of the entire Indian coast; Provide information from Ship Register Database through Lloyds fair play website.

21. National Data Centre: Provide a central point of National AIS data access to: Navy; Coast Guard; DG Shipping; Ports; Other users;

23. NATIONAL AIS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

26. IMPROTANCE OF NATIONAL AIS NETWORK IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE The National AIS Network - Is a benchmark project in terms of nationwide maritime information gathering effort; Provides a nationwide mechanism to identify all ships above 100 tons and vessels above 20m in coastal waters; Likely to be extended for tracking small vessels; Is so designed to allow integration of information from other coastal surveillance sensors; The AIS Network data when fused with radar data would provide a complete picture. The static radar project would only provide tracking of targets and not identification; The capability of network is likely to be explored for broadcast of weather warning & safety messages (Navtex Messages)

27. Thank you for your attention!