Grade level: 7 th Duration: 3 class periods By Sue Pendleton

1. Maple Syrup’s Connection to Climate Change Grade level: 7th Duration: 3 class periods By Sue Pendleton

2. Overview Everyone should be aware that our global temperatures are changing and this change can affect how people live and our economy. In this lesson, you will learn about the weather and landscapes of the New England states while making connections between the maple syrup Industry and climate change. You will also learn to create and interpret a climograph. Purpose

3. Objectives At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:   • create a climograph. • interpret a climograph. • use observation skills. • summarize your findings in writing.

4. Pretest-Posttest Engaging Questions Write your answers on a sheet of paper. Use complete sentences. • What is a sugar maple? (5pts) • How do we get maple syrup? (5pts) • What states are considered New England? (5 pts) • What are the seasons of the New England area? (5pts) • What is the best time of the year for getting the maple syrup? (5pts)

5. Products made from maple syrup

7. Explore-New England Area

8. Write down what the landscape is like in the New England states while watching this movie. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnRXXhvDCZM

9. Background Information on New England and the Maple Syrup Industry New England is located in the Northeastern corner of the United States consisting of Main, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. The dominate trees in the New England area are Sugar and Red Maple. They have a beautiful fall color, jagged coast line, mountains and rolling hills which makes it a great tourist area.

10. The New England area has four very distinct seasons: • Spring temperatures are usually wet with temperatures between 40-60 degrees. • Summers are somewhat humid and hot with thunderstorms usually between June-August. • Fall temperatures are usually 45-50 degrees. The air is cool and crisp with peak beautiful foliage changes. • Winter climate average is 25 degree and it usually snows an average of 35 inches per year.

12. Spring Winter Fall Summer

13. Maple sugar producers have kept records (data) for over 50 years. Here are some of the facts gathered: • The Maple Syrup season is starting three weeks earlier and ending two weeks sooner. • Scientists are predicting the New England area maple sugaring tradition will end by the century’s end. • The proper condition to get the maple syrup sap to flow properly depends on freezing nights followed by warm days in late winter. • At one time maple sugar farmers could use buckets to collect the syrup. Today, with a shorter season, they had to become innovative and now use tubes for collection. • The sugar maple tree flows sap from late February to early March depending on its geographic location and day/night temperature differences. • To get the sap, a tree must be “tapped” with a spigot or tube. • As little as two degrees warmer temperature could make the difference on how much sap will flow.

15. Maple Syrup Vocabulary • Temperature: how hot or cold something is • Precipitation: water falling from the clouds like rain or snow • Graph: mathematical way to show connections between information • Tapping: putting a tube in a maple tree so the syrup will drip out • Climograph: a graph that shows precipitation and temperature over a long time • Sap: juice in a plant (like blood in a human) • Weather: the daily temperature and precipitation • Climate: average of the temperatures and precipitation of a place taken over many years

16. A climograph (climatograph) is used to show the precipitation and temperature of a region. Both sets of data are on the same graph. Temperature Rainfall

17. Temperature-line graph Rainfall-bar graph

18. How your writing assignments will be scored.

19. Writing Assignment Part I Analyzing a Climograph Once you have completed your graph, compare and contrast the data and write a paragraph about your conclusions. (10 pts)

20. Writing Assignment Part II Maple Syrup Once you have finished the maple syrup demonstration, complete the following tasks in sentences. • Describe the color and texture of maple syrup. (5pts) • Describe why maple syrup has a distinctive smell. (5pts) • Describe how maple syrup tastes. (5pts) • Identify 2 foods that are similar to maple syrup. How are they the same? (5pts)

21. Writing Assignment Part III Climate Change In a well-written paragraph, answer the following questions: What do you think will happen to the location of maple tree forests should the climate warm even more? In what three ways, can humans help save the maple syrup industry? (20pts)

22. If you have time: Read Case Study 2 The Maple Sugar Industry Add these facts taken from: http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KBTV/1960/3/2/MonthlyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA to your information. In February 1960, the average temperature for Burlington, Vermont, was 24oF. In February 2012, the average temperature for the same city was 29oF.

23. IIf you have time: • In March 1960, the average temperature for Burlington, Vermont, was 24oF. In March 2012, the average temperature for the same city was 43oF. Add facts from the Background Information on New England and the Maple Syrup Industry reading.Add facts from your climograph.In a well-written paper, describe the changes in climate in the New England states and how this is hurting one of their industries. Be sure to cite your sources.