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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Growth and Expansion . Section 1 Economic Growth. Industrial Revolution. Means a change that created a new way of living Products were being made in new ways (Many powered by water) Coal and Iron were important sources

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion

  2. Section 1 Economic Growth

  3. Industrial Revolution • Means a change that created a new way of living • Products were being made in new ways (Many powered by water) • Coal and Iron were important sources • New technology, such as the cotton gin by Eli Whitney, made life easier

  4. New Opportunities for Work • Mills became popular sites for workers, including women and children, though many were unsafe • Many factories used interchangeable parts, or equipment that could be easily replaced if broken. • New Englanders started to work in factories while most Americans still worked on farms

  5. Tariffs • Tariffs are taxes on imports • After the war of 1812, America and Britain had open trade • Britain sold these goods at low prices to drive American businesses out of business • To compete, the government passed the tariff of 1816, which put a tax on all foreign goods. The result was American business would be more successful

  6. Cities Start to Grow • Urban = Cities • Older cities were prospering with new trade and employment opportunities • New cities in the Western Frontier, such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Louisville, profited on the rivers near by. • Disease, fire (buildings were made of wood), and lack of sewers (think about it…..GROSSSSSSS)

  7. Section 2 Westward Bound

  8. Moving West • The second census, noted that the population of the United States had doubled to about 10 million people • In New York, the 370 mile trip from New York City to Buffalo could take up to 3 weeks • Turnpikes, or toll roads, were built. The money went to the construction of the road.

  9. Pros: More Comfortable Pioneers could load all their goods on barges It moved quickly if the water was traveling the right direction Cons: Most rivers flowed North-South, not East-West Traveling upstream, the current was extremely slow River Travel

  10. Wait I think..Yup I Got an Idea • Robert Fulton developed an advanced steamboat to carry cargo and passengers in 1807 • New York Governor De Witt Clinton, came up with a plan to link New York City with the Great Lakes by canal.

  11. 15 Miles on the Erie Canal • Thousands of immigrants, many Irish, built the 363 mile Erie Canal • Constructors of the canal developed locks, which raised or lowered the water level • The canal was built in 1825, which led to a total of 3,300 miles of canal completed by 1840. • The canals united and created prosperity along the routes.

  12. Western Movement • From 1791-1803, Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio entered the Union. • The next 13 years, only Louisiana entered the Union • Between 1816-1821, Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi, Alabama, and Missouri were created

  13. Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism

  14. 5th President • Republican James Monroe took office in 1816. • With political differences fading away, the era was called the Era of Good Feelings • He toured the nation early in his presidency, the first to do this since Washington • He was even popular in Boston, home to many federalists

  15. Man I’m feeling good, but wait... • The era of good feeling would end with the growth of Sectionalism, or loyalty to your region. • The conflict of slavery was always an issue, as northerners became more and more against it • Southerners focused on the power of State Rights, another important issue

  16. Missouri Compromise • Southerners wanted Missouri, part of the Louisiana Purchase, admitted to the Union as a slave state • The debate exposed regional differences that would scar relations between North and South • Henry Clay worked out a deal that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state, Maine to enter as a free state, and slavery to be banned above the 36-30’ parallel

  17. Breaking the Bank • When Maryland tried to tax the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States, the court took action • In McCulloch v. Maryland, Supreme Court John Marshall ruled Maryland had no right to tax the bank because it was a government bank • The case strengthened the govt, but fueled the South’s fire when it came to the rights of states

  18. Section 4 The Monroe Doctrine

  19. Relations with Britain • In 1817, the Rush-Bagot treaty provided for disarmament, or the removal of weapons, along the borders of the U.S. and Canada. • In Florida, Americans had added West Florida to Alabama and Mississippi without permission from Spain, even though they did not object

  20. Andrew Jackson Goes Overboard • In 1818, Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish East Florida. • He had been ordered only to stop Seminole raids on East Florida • Secretary of War Calhoun thought Jackson should be court-martialed, or tried by a military court • Spain decided not to go to war, and surrendered Florida in exchange for disputed land in Texas.

  21. The Monroe Doctrine • The Monroe Doctrine was a warning to European Nations • He said American would stop any further attempt to colonize North or South America. • At the time, the U.S. did not have the military to back it up. However, it would be important in the next 170 years of diplomacy. (AND WHEN YOU ARE 8th GRADERS)

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