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Investigating Wind Flow properties in Complex Terrain using 3 Lidars and a Meteorological Mast

Investigating Wind Flow properties in Complex Terrain using 3 Lidars and a Meteorological Mast. Dimitri FOUSSEKIS Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES), Greece www.cres.gr Thanassis GEORGAKOPOULOS Enallaktiki Energiaki (2EN), Greece www.2en.gr. Outline. Lidars and complex terrain

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Investigating Wind Flow properties in Complex Terrain using 3 Lidars and a Meteorological Mast

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  1. Investigating Wind Flow properties in Complex Terrainusing 3 Lidars and a Meteorological Mast Dimitri FOUSSEKIS Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES), Greece www.cres.gr Thanassis GEORGAKOPOULOS Enallaktiki Energiaki (2EN), Greece www.2en.gr European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  2. Outline • Lidars and complex terrain • Lidars vs Mast’s anemometers • Measuring with a narrower prism (15°) • Conclusions European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  3. Flow over a simple hill Velocity contours European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  4. Scanned diameter at 100m height : 115m Scanned diameter at 77m height : 89m Scanned diameter at 54m height : 62m European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  5. 2EN Windcube CRES ZephIR CRES Windcube European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  6. Data filtering • Mast tower “shadow” • Topography effects (N±40°) • Clocks synchronization • Sequence of 4 heights, each with ≥140 points (ZephIR) • Variance of the Signal broadening |Δσfreq|<0.4 andCarrier to Noise Ratio CNR>-20, for each height (Windcube) Boom mounted anemometer / Top mounted anemometer European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  7. Sonic vs Cup at 100m European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  8. ZephIR vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  9. ZephIR vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  10. ZephIR vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  11. Sampling differences • Sonic at 4Hz ( 2400 points / 10min ) • Cup at 1Hz ( 600 points / 10min ) • Windcube at 0.7 Hz ( ~400 points / 10min, per height ) • ZephIR at 0.05Hz ( ~40 points / 10min, per height ) European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  12. ZephIR “fixed” at 78m European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  13. Cup – ZephIR Lidar comparison at 12m height European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  14. Wind Vane – Lidar comparisons at 12m, 32m and 77m height European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  15. Windcube with 30° prism vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  16. Windcube with 30° prism vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  17. Windcube with 30° prism vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  18. Windcube with 30° prism vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  19. Windcube (30°) and ZephIR vs Cup at 78m European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  20. Windcube with 15° prism vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  21. Windcube with 15° prism vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  22. Windcube with 15° prism vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  23. Windcube with 15° prism vs Cup European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  24. SDV of Horizontal wind speed at 78m European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  25. Flow over a Gaussian hill Turbulence Intensity contours European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  26. Flow Angle: ZephIR vs Sonic at 100m European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  27. ZephIR: Flow inclination angle at 12m height European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  28. ZephIR: Flow inclination angle at 32m height European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  29. ZephIR: Flow inclination angle at 78m height European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  30. ZephIR: Flow inclination angle at 100m height European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  31. Flow Inclination angle at 80m Windcube (30°) ZephIR European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  32. Windcube: Wind direction variation per height Distribution of instantaneous wind direction changes per height,using all the raw data (1.5sec). Dir78m – Dir100m Dir120m – Dir100m Δdir [deg] Δdir [deg] Wind vanes: Cannot avoid small misalignments between heights Lidar: No misalignment error between heights European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

  33. Conclusions • Confirmation of the ~6% velocity deficit measured by all Lidarscompared to Cups and Sonics from 12m to 100m. • Impressive wind speed correlation to cup anemometers. • Lidar’s T.I. is marked by the spatial character of the measurement and may not be directly comparable to that of Cup anemometers. • New results for narrower angle cones (15° prism). Further analysis of inst. radial velocities is needed to confirm the SDVs increase. • Lidars may sense more representatively the wind flow over the rotor of a multi-MW WT, operating in complex terrain. Revision of the ref. wind speed is recommended, for more accurate Power Performance evaluation. • New ideas (algorithms, alternative scanning modes, new prisms,…) are necessary to further improve the accuracy of Lidars in complex terrain. European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 16-19 March 2009, Marseille, France

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