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Reintegration in Aceh

Reintegration in Aceh. Framework: Helsinki MoU GAM Reintegration Needs Assessment Early Programs – and Issues BRA Approach Initially Current Approach Key Learning Points. Reintegration: Key Component of Helsinki MoU.

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Reintegration in Aceh

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  1. Reintegration in Aceh • Framework: Helsinki MoU • GAM Reintegration Needs Assessment • Early Programs – and Issues • BRA Approach Initially • Current Approach • Key Learning Points

  2. Reintegration: Key Component of Helsinki MoU • Establishment of a Reintegration Fund to provide ‘economic facilitation to former combatants, pardoned political prisoners & affected civilians (3.2.3) • Rehabilitation of public and private property destroyed or damaged in the conflict (3.2.4) • Allocation of ‘suitable farming land, employment or adequate social security’ for former combatants, political prisoners and affected civilians (3.2.5) • Aims unclear: Compensation? Changing economic incentives? Preventing spoilers? • Reintegration seen within MoU primarily as an economic process

  3. Reintegration Needs Assessment • Request from GoI to WB • Main aims: • Assess process of reintegration so far, incl. obstacles to peace • Assess needs & aspirations of former combatants, prisoners & receiving communities • Help in development of programs & mechanisms to address needs • Conducted Oct 05 – Mar 06: • Qualitative and quantitative methods, primary data from 3 sources (field work, survey data on prisoners, survey active GAM)

  4. Assessment Findings • Reintegration progressing smoothly but ‘challenges ahead’ • Provision of livelihood assistance key • Needs of conflict victims & communities similar to GAM returnees  Recommendations: • Supporting programs necessary • Individual & community benefits • Community-based mechanisms to be used for eligibility & prioritization

  5. Early Programs • After MoU, focus on 3 programs • Socialisation; police capacity building; reintegration former combatants & prisoners • IOM requested to set up system for prisoners & combatants • Prisoner program successful: individual payments, medical treatment, counseling, job advice • Problems with combatant program • Little thought given to ‘victims’ programs • Effective but small programs IOM, USAID

  6. Early Issues • List of names • Issue of numbers: 3,000 GAM/non-GAM • Division blurry  who qualifies? • Payments through GAM command structure

  7. Further Efforts & Challenges • Establishment BRA Feb 2006 • Problems with initial Victims Program • Publicized Rp. 10 million per victim (widely defined) • No means to target, verify, prioritize or deliver money • Over 400,000 proposals covering 700,000 people • Lack of clarity re combatant program • No clear guidelines; use of group proposal system • Unclear how verification would take place; hold up of second payments; little technical assistance • Protests, confusion, frustration

  8. Current Programming • BRA Community-Based Reintegration Assistance to Conflict Victims: • Block grant through existing community development mechanism • Enhance community participation & involvement in deciding priority activities that help address peacebuilding and reconstruction • Key issue remains: livelihood assistance is greatest need for returnees • BRA economic empowerment programme not effective in creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants & prisoners

  9. Key Lessons • Value of assessment • Communication strategy • Clarity & transparency re mechanisms & criteria • Relevance of community approach • Possibility of complaints mechanism

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