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Writing Ionic Formulas with Polyatomic Ions

Writing Ionic Formulas with Polyatomic Ions. What is a Polyatomic Ion??. Polyatomic ion – a group of covalently bonded atoms in which the whole group is positively or negatively charged. Common Polyatomic Ions. NH 4 +1 ammonium OH -1 hydroxide NO 3 -1 nitrate

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Writing Ionic Formulas with Polyatomic Ions

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  1. Writing Ionic Formulas with Polyatomic Ions

  2. What is a Polyatomic Ion?? • Polyatomic ion – a group of covalently bonded atoms in which the whole group is positively or negatively charged.

  3. Common Polyatomic Ions • NH4 +1 ammonium • OH -1 hydroxide • NO3 -1 nitrate • CO3 -2 carbonate • SO4 -2 sulfate • PO4 -3 phosphate

  4. Writing Formulas With Polyatomics • Polyatomics are negative or positive, just as elements are • Polyatomics cannot be separated – they come with their own subscripts that cannot be changed.

  5. Writing Formulas With Polyatomics (Cont) • The subscripts of polyatomics can NEVER be changed. • NEVER change the subscript of a polyatomic!

  6. Writing Formulas With Polyatomics (Cont) • You can use “crossing out” with polyatomics • If you need more than one polyatomic, you must put it in parentheses ( ), then put the subscript you assigned to it outside the parentheses

  7. Example 1 • Lithium and nitrate • First write the element symbols • Li NO3 • Then write the charges as superscripts • Li+1 NO3-1 • Cross out or balance out • LiNO3

  8. Example 2 • Magnesium and hydroxide • First write the element symbols • Mg OH • Then write the charges as superscripts • Mg+2 OH-1 • Cross out or balance out • Mg(OH)2

  9. Example 3 • Aluminum and carbonate • First write the element symbols • Al CO3 • Then write the charges as superscripts • Al+3 CO3-2 • Cross out or balance out • Al2(CO3)3

  10. Example 4 • Potassium and phosphate • First write the element symbols • K PO4 • Then write the charges as superscripts • K+1 PO4-3 • Cross out or balance out • K3PO4

  11. Naming with Polyatomics • If the polyatomic is negative • Write the name of the 1st element in the compound • Write the name of the polyatomic

  12. Examples • LiNO3 = lithium nitrate • Na2SO4 = sodium sulfate • Mg(OH)2 = magnesium hydroxide

  13. Naming With Polyatomics, II • If the polyatomic is positive • Write the name of the polyatomic • Write the root of the 2nd element in the compound • Add the ending –ide to the root of the name of the 2nd element

  14. More Examples • NH4F = ammonium fluoride • (NH4)3P = ammonium phosphide • (NH4)3PO4 = ammonium phosphate

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