Module 10: Strategies associated with the theories

1. Module 10: Strategies associated with the theories

2. Strategies or treatments? Treatments are used for mental health conditions; Strategies are used for coping with ordinary problems that are part of the experience of being human. Click on the arrow buttons to sort these different conditions or issues under the headings. Treatment for: Strategy for coping with: Hide answers Family discord • Treatment for: • obsessive compulsive disorder • schizophrenia • bi-polar disorder • Strategy for coping with: • Family discord • aggressive behaviour • loneliness Family discord Family discord Loneliness Loneliness Loneliness Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Obsessive compulsive disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Aggressive behaviour Aggressive behaviour Aggressive behaviour Bi-polar disorder Bi-polar disorder Bi-polar disorder Module 10: Strategies associated with theories Module 6: The impact of national policy and legislation

3. Why use different treatments and strategies for the same conditions? Each psychological approach has different assumptions about why people think, feel and behave in the way they do.For example, why do people have phobias? Discuss and compare the two different approaches below. Record your ideas here: The behaviourist approach suggests: our phobias are based on experience in our environment. The psychodynamic approach suggests: our phobias relate to something that happened in our childhood or subconscious. So, different practitioners might suggest different treatments or strategies depending on which approach is widely accepted. Module 10: Strategies associated with theories

4. The Psychodynamic approach ‘Early childhood experiences are important for the development of the adult personality’ Discuss these two strategies, record your ideas then click below to reveal our suggestions. Psychoanalysis Play therapy Who for? When used? What? • Used with children • Mainly used with adults • For children unable or unwilling to talk • For treatment of depression, anxiety or emotional problems • Children reveal concealed emotions or upsetting experiences through play • A ‘talking cure’: a psychoanalyst examines the childhood experiences of the individual Module 10: Strategies associated with theories

5. The Humanistic approach ‘The way people feel about themselves is very important’ Click on the strategy descriptions below to highlight the colour that matches the strategy on the right. Concentrates on the person and how they feel about themselves There are no rules or expectations and they can discuss any topic A small group of people with similar issues meet with a therapist Person-centred therapy (1 click) Therapist is empathetic and is non judgemental Does not concentrate on the problem or causes Therapist mirrors back the client’s feelings Encounter groups (2 clicks) Listening to others may give hope and encouragement One-to-one ‘talking cure’ The client explores his feelings and decides himself how to move forward Module 10: Strategies associated with theories Module 3: Multi-disciplinary Teams

6. The Behaviourist approach ‘Most human behaviour is learned from the environment. We learn to repeat behaviour with a positive consequence and not to repeat behaviour with a negative consequence.’ Click on the descriptions for the three strategies below to match them to the colours of the three strategies. Click here to see the answers. Includes Flooding and Aversion therapy Involves use of charts to record ‘tokens’ given For correct behaviour. Often used for both adults and children with phobias Often used with children In care settings. Frequently used in schools. Wanted behaviour is reinforced. Unwanted behaviour is ignored. Behaviour modification Behaviour therapy Token economy Module 10: Strategies associated with theories Module 5: Quality assurance

7. The Cognitive approach Play with rules: Child can understand board and team games Simple practice or mastery play: Using simple toys e.g. blocks, rattles, pull-along toys ? Imaginative play: Child plays make-believe games with others Complex play: Child can use toys symbolically e.g. pushing a block while making car noises Simple practice or mastery play: Using simple toys e.g. blocks, rattles, pull-along toys 0-2 years: Play with rules: Child can understand board and team games Simple practice or mastery play: Using simple toys e.g. blocks, rattles, pull-along toys ? Imaginative play: Child plays make-believe games with others Complex play: Child can use toys symbolically e.g. pushing a block while making car noises Complex play: Child can use toys symbolically e.g. pushing a block while making car noises 2-4 years: Complex play: Child can use toys symbolically e.g. pushing a block while making car noises Play with rules: Child can understand board and team games Simple practice or mastery play: Using simple toys e.g. blocks, rattles, pull-along toys Imaginative play: Child plays make-believe games with others ? Imaginative play: Child plays make-believe games with others 4-7 years: Play with rules: Child can understand board and team games Play with rules: Child can understand board and team games Simple practice or mastery play: Using simple toys e.g. blocks, rattles, pull-along toys ? Imaginative play: Child plays make-believe games with others Complex play: Child can use toys symbolically e.g. pushing a block while making car noises 7+ years: Show order Hide order Piaget believed a child should have an environment appropriate to its developmental level. Put these play development stages in the correct order. Click on each box below as many times as you need, to reveal the correct order.

8. Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT) A mixture of cognitive and behavioural therapies, aiming to help people change the way they think [cognitive] and therefore change the way they act [behaviour]. It is a ‘talking cure’ used for treatment of minor mental disorders such as stress. Look at these pictures. Can you think of four other examples of when CBT could be used? anger management eating disorders exam nerves CBT used for marriage guidance Module 10: Strategies associated with theories

9. Case study for CBT Now watch this video clip about Laurie and how CBT worked for him. • While you watch consider the following questions: • What was Laurie suffering from before he started CBT? • What practical suggestions did his therapist suggest he try? • How does Laurie feel now he has been through CBT? • Click here to see some suggested answers. Module 10: Strategies associated with theories

10. The Social Learning approach ‘A child’s personality and behaviour is the result of it observing, imitating and modelling various other people’ Match these three strategies to the situations they could be used in. Used to help families cope with changes and difficulties in their lives e.g. divorce, bereavement, bullying. Modelling Used to help an individual with emotional, mental or physical problems which have prevented them from developing good social skills. Social skills training Used for a child who displays unacceptable behaviour and who could benefit from observing and a role model. Family therapy Module 10: Strategies associated with theories

11. The Biological approach ‘Our physical development, behaviour and personality are the result of the interaction of our genes and our nervous and endocrine systems.’ Look at the pictures and identify the biological strategies they represent. Relaxation Meditation Drugs Biological strategies Sensory rooms Module 10: Strategies associated with theories

12. Choosing a strategy • Create a summary of each of the strategies discussed and consider the following questions. You can download a template for the summary here. • Which strategy would you suggest to help a child displaying unacceptable behaviour and why? • Which strategy would you suggest to help an individual with anger management issues and why? • Which behaviourist strategy could be used to help an individual with phobias? How is this approach useful? Module 10: Strategies associated with theories