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Chapter 4: The Periodic Table

Chapter 4: The Periodic Table. 4.1: Introduction to the Periodic Table. I. Development of the Periodic Table A. Mendeleev’s Table of Elements 1. Dmitri Mendeleev: Russian chemist 2. 1869 3. Arranged elements in increasing atomic mass . 4. Saw patterns emerge.

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Chapter 4: The Periodic Table

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  1. Chapter 4: The Periodic Table

  2. 4.1: Introduction to the Periodic Table I. Development of the Periodic Table A. Mendeleev’s Table of Elements 1. Dmitri Mendeleev: Russian chemist 2. 1869 3. Arranged elements in increasing atomic mass. 4. Saw patterns emerge. 5. Had missing groups; predicted their properties B. Moseley’s Contribution 1. Some elements seemed out of place

  3. 2. Arranged by atomic number. 3. …before the age of 27! 4. Definitions of atomic mass and atomic number.

  4. II. Today’s Periodic Table A. Elements organized in increasing atomic number. B. Rows = “period”, labeled 1-7. C. Columns = “group” or family, labeled 1-18

  5. D. Zones on the Periodic Table 1. Representative Elements a. Groups 13-18 b. metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.

  6. E. Transition Elements 1. Groups 3-12 2. Lanthanide Series: follows lanthanum (57) 3. Actinide Series: follows actinium (89)

  7. F. Metals 1. Pink here; blue in your book. 2. Solid (ex. Mercury) 3. Good conductor of heat and electricity 4. Malleable: easily molded 5. Ductile: easily drawn into wires

  8. G. Nonmetals and Metalloids 1. Nonmetals (Yellow here and in your book) a. Gasses or brittle solids b. Many are essential for life 2. Metalloids (Green here and in your book) a. Shares properties with metals and non b. Aka “semimetals”

  9. H. The Element Keys (p. 103, Fig. 4) 1. Element key = box around element 2. Name, atomic number, symbol, and atomic mass 3. Key tells elements’ state at room temp a. Gas: balloon b. Solid: cube c. Liquid: drop 4. Some elements do not occur naturally a. They are synthetic elements b. Marked with a bull’s-eye logo

  10. I. Symbols for the Elements 1. One-letter abbreviations (H, K, F, O, N, C, P, S) 2. Two-letter abbreviations (He, Ne, Li, Na, Cl, Al) 3. Symbols don’t always match names! a. Come from Latin or Greek (Ex: Au = gold) b. Named after scientists (Ex: Meitnerium, Mt) c. Named after countries (Ex: Francium) 4. Newly synthesized, un-named elements a. 3-letter name based on atomic number b. IUPAC

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