Sustainable Technology Based Development via Science Parks & Their Benefits

1. Sustainable Technology Based Development via Science Parks & Their Benefits Sadiq M. Sait 1 December 2003

2. Two Part Outline • Part I: About Science Parks • Concept, Trends, Stakeholders, Motives, Benefits, Conceptual Plan, Proposed Site, Potential Tenants, Financing, Consultants, Look-Ahead Plan, etc • Part II: Their Benefits: Tourism

3. Part I About Science Parks

4. About Science Parks • What are they? • History and Trends • Stakeholders • Motives • Relevant Joint Activities • The Incubator • Saudi Arabian Experience

5. What Are they? • Definitions and forms: A wide range • A generally accepted definition includes: A property based initiative which: • Has operational links with universities, research centers, and/or other higher education institutions • Is designed to encourage the formation and growth of knowledge based industries on high-added-value firms • Has a steady management team actively engaged in the transfer of technology and business skills • Science parks in other parts of the world: Australia, Dubai, Finland, Hong-Kong, Morocco, Brazil, UK, USA, everywhere, hundreds • IASP (International Association of Science Parks)

6. Different from an RI • External Research projects at KFUPM departments and RI differ from Science Park concept • At the Science-Park, companies conduct research independently for their own motives, by their own researchers, utilizing their own facilities, and may involve University researchers & facilities, without intervention of University • It differs from funded project awarded to University faculty

7. History and Trend • Earlier, most (if not all) universities were reluctant to embrace collaboration with industry, and industry similarly was shy of academia • Around 1980s, Universities began trying to contact industry (a little earlier in some industrialized countries such as the UK) • The science park concept was an unfamiliar one and companies were mainly attracted to it by a desire to be near to the University's scientific research

8. History and Trend • Around 1994, Universities would contact companies through Science Parks (Research Parks) • Now, there are networks of universities and networks of Science Parks • With time, science from laboratories (with work on proof of concept, prototyping), via liaison offices, incubators, nurseries, science parks is making to industry

9. Stakeholders • The primary stakeholders in the development and sustenance of a Science Park are: • The University • Tenant firms and enterprises (industry component) • Investors and Private Start-up Companies • Each of these stakeholders will play a vital role in the development and growth of the Science Park (PASP)

10. University’s Motives • Economic development through industry linked projects • University to become skilled at industry collaboration • Tenants forming useful associations with the University in the pursuit of any aspect of the our University’s mission • Opportunities for commercialization of University research, including via incubation facilities for start-ups • To earn income from ground rental in support of University research

11. Joint Activities • Joint research projects, especially for graduate and doctoral students • Work experience programs for undergrads (part- and full-time jobs for university students) • Sharing of university equipment and laboratories • Custom-designed education programs for tenants • Many staff in tenant companies can enroll in our graduate programs • Advice from tenants (companies) on the design of courses • Adjunct appointments of industry experts to teach and research in the university

12. Joint Activities • Larger companies can have their research work contracted to the university. (The proximity with the academic departments producing hundreds of graduates in an area of expertise is a plus) • Companies can donate equipment and tools, share expertise, etc., in return for using university labs, faculty, and students • Tenants can also lend University valuable scientific equipment • Senior staff of tenant companies can serve on University advisory boards • Tenants can offer scholarships to postgraduate students

13. Types • There are several models, depending on the objectives • It could be a park or a network or parks (a park can be a network of companies) • For a Science Park linked to a University, collaboration is the key • May or may not have an Incubator

14. What is an Incubator? An incubator is a welcoming and supporting partner that generates and sustains the dynamic process of business enterprise development for individuals eager to start companies to build commercially viable products and services over innovative technologies; it provides support in terms of infrastructure, logistics, finance, training, advice, and offices, until the businesses find their own place.

15. Part IIConceptual Plan of PASP

16. Conceptual Plan of PASP • The Vision • The Mission • Goals/Objectives • Benefits • Funding & Finance • Governance & Management • Some Critical Success Factors

17. The Vision To create an environment within the university that will forge closer ties and enduring links between academia and the industry spanning a spectrum of research and development issues for technological and economic growth.

18. The Mission Statement To institute a financially self-sustaining physical entity that would foster technological innovation and accelerate its commercial deployment through sustained collaboration with established companies as well as promote start-up enterprises through business incubator programs.

19. Goals/Objectives • The primary purpose of instituting a science park within KFUPM can be listed as follows: • To forge a strong collaboration between the university and industry in R&D • To promote small tech-specific businesses and start-ups through an incubator program • To direct significant technology-driven foreign investment and presence into the Kingdom • Commercialization of research • Providing a strong point of presence for major international companies and enterprises • Technology Transfer: Channeling new global technologies and practices into the Kingdom

20. Benefits to KFUPM • Close links and collaborative efforts between the science park’s businesses and tenants and the university’s faculty, researchers and students • Attraction and retention from amongst the best faculty and researchers • Industrial presence for the benefit of students • The presence of International major companies will help keep the university abreast of the latest technological trends and developments • Employment opportunities for students (during study and upon graduation)

21. Benefits to Tenant Firms • Tenant companies can have a significant point of presence in the region especially from an R&D perspective • Availability of a highly skilled work-force pool from graduate and undergraduate student body • Assistance in identifying university programs and resources that best relate to the tenant’s research • Adjunct faculty participation from tenants • Opportunity for commercial deployment of university’s proprietary patents and innovations • Access to the university’s advanced educational and training programs

22. Benefits to Investors • Venture Capital Companies can get involved in developing infrastructure for PASP and can go beyond it by managing the park as a commercially profitable enterprise • Private start-up companies would have access to the incubator program at PASP, which would provide a stable growth catalyst. This is in addition to other research and development facilities as available to other tenants • Developing companies would benefit from the mentoring, investment and marketing support which established larger companies could provide

23. Funding & Finance • Given its ideal location and the explicit returns for the Industry, it is proposed that the park should be financed entirelyby private investment rather than through government funding • This would not only give the university independence from this huge task, but also would be a measure of the Industry’s interest and initiative in the project • Under this model, the university would be a privileged decision member responsible for laying down standards and leasing tenants while maintenance and construction would be the responsibility of a private sector enterprise

24. Funding & Finance • Under the proposed financial system, the University will provide the land-area for the science park, entering into a lease agreement with a private enterprise for construction and development • This enterprise may receive its returns from a percentage of the land and building rentals • The PASP Committee has been in contact with a private company which with its experience in funding and managing such projects has expressed interest to partner with the university and secure funding for the SOLP: • Development of the Concept as a Commercial Venture • Investment through SOLP in the Commercial Venture • Advisory role in the Project implementation

25. Governance & Management • The effective management and governance of the science park is based on the collaboration between three major parties: • university, knowledge and resources • industry: financing from the industry • government: regulations and incentives come from them • Park managed as a commercial enterprise by a Park Manager, who heads the management team, and is overseen by a board of directors

26. Critical Success Factors • Consensus on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of university-related science parks can be placed in two categories: • Factors associated with the site, (its size and location), the university’s inclination, and its research base to contribute and gain from such a relationship • Factors associated with the university’s administration and sponsoring of the project

27. Critical Success Factors • Factors that can greatly impact the development and growth are: • Planning, leadership, commitment and involvement of all concerned parties for effective implementation of the plan • The detailed plan should be based on clear objectives, well integrated with the long-term mission and goal of the university (UNESCO Team coming to assist and consult, and also British Council is involved) • Close interaction between the tenant firms and the university (openness) • A clear management structure with a Park Manager appointed at an early stage • Preference to companies in the general strengths of the university

28. Part IIIGeneral Discussions & Conclusion

29. Fact Despite the considerable potential benefits, world-wide experience shows that genuine collaboration between universities and industry within science parks has been difficult to achieve. Companies in science parks are commercially oriented and need to be persuaded that the University offers attractions.

30. A Comment & The Challenge • Studies have concluded that many science parks are mainly a form of prestigious real estate development, physically isolated from the surrounding society and thus quite unlikely to generate productive synergies of any kind. (Phillimore et al, XV IASP World Conference Proceedings) • KFUPM needs to accept this challenge and work hard to demonstrate its enthusiasm and ability to offer value to tenant companies

31. Broader goals: Caution • All future tenants must be capable of and willing to work with the University • Provisions must be worked out to ensure that the Park achieves the University's aims and does not degenerate into just another business park • University must attract organizations capable of 'forming any useful association with the University’

32. What to Expect? • The university will be surrounded by some of the world’s leading technology companies • Industry participation in academia • The university will build on its current strengths due to proximity with industry. Proximity will assist greatly in fostering relationship with tenants • The research/teaching programs will concentrate on modern high technology, and university’s research will win recognition through grants and sponsorships

33. How to Encourage Collaboration • Involving faculty in planning & tenant selection • RI and University Research Office can be tenants • Appointing a Park Manager early • The university having a stake in the parks ongoing development • Offering tenants privileged access to university facilities • Holding regular seminars and briefings, where university and tenant staff can mingle and make informal contacts • Special scholarships for students to conduct their research projects in the Park • Inviting senior staff of tenant companies to join university advisory boards

34. Current Status • Master plan is being created & approvals are being sought • Legal issues are being looked into • Offset program (SOLP) is being contacted both directly and via a private enterprise, and alternate modes of financing are investigated. • Tenants are sending to the university their letters-of-intent (Idemitsu, Japan; Cytec, Italy; IFP, France, Membrana of Germany) • Few have already moved in physically/virtually. Some will construct their own building with our specs (Schlumberger, France; CIBA, Switzerland; JCCP, Japan)

35. Finally … • The PASP is a strong statement of KFUPM’s determination to maintain its high standards in research, technological development and academic excellence. • It is an initiative to couple the university’s resources and talent with the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, thereby creating a highly collaborative environment with vast potential for joint technological research and development. • With the establishment of this science park, KFUPM moves forward into its fiftieth year with a far-reaching initiative that will be a dynamic catalyst for technological development and collaboration between the university and the industry.

36. Part IITourism in Saudi Arabia

37. Overview • Saudi Arabia’s vastness knows great extremes • Arid deserts to coastal towns • Highly sophisticated metropolitan centers to holy pilgrim sites • One of the largest countries in Asia (2 Million Sq Kms) • Eight neighbors on three sides • Largest economy in the region • Large number of expatriates work and pilgrims visit (cosmopolitan cities) • Population about 20 Million (with over 50% below the age of 20) • Substantial resources

38. Status • Recently, the government started encouraging local investment in recreational projects • This is expected to create jobs and diversify Saudi economy • A new agency has been set up for promotion of tourism • Visa regulations are being relaxed to encourage tourists to visit the Kingdom's cultural, historic and archaeological sites • Both the above mentioned factors have encouraged huge multi-billion dollar investments in the Leisure and Tourism sector to major cities

39. Income from Tourism • It is forecast that the tourism sector could generate income of U$ 3 billion within five years of relaxing rules that restrict the issuance of tourist visas • The current seventh Development Plan (2000-2005) sets the objectives of developing the Leisure and Tourism sector into one of the major economic sectors • Tourism will also help create jobs

40. Encourage Private Sector • The strategy developed in the plan sees the need to expand and diversify facilities with particular emphasis on encouraging the private sector to establish more projects • Over the past few years, the private sector has spent over US$ 6.6 billion to set up tourism and leisure and amusement projects in Saudi Arabia, and plans to invest about U$5.3 billion in the next five years

41. First Steps • As a first step towards encouraging local tourism, the Government announced the formation of the Supreme Tourism Commission (STC) in order to develop the sector • Visa regulations were also simplified to encourage foreign tourists to visit the country • Pilgrims coming for Hajj or Umrah are also now allowed to travel and move freely in the country, outside the traditional holy cities of Makkah and Medinah

42. First Steps • All these regulations are being introduced gradually • When fully implemented will go a long way to further encourage investment in the sector • There is good evidence to suggest that some Saudis have started spending their annual holidays in the Kingdom • Tourist attractions have been constructed in the mountains of the West and South and also around Riyadh and the Eastern Province • Tourist sites have been constructed and some are being expanded

43. Tourism Business • Saudi businessmen have recognized the potential demand and are developing plans to meet it • In the short to medium term, there are large numbers of projects that offer good opportunities to foreign businesses that have products and services for • hotels • Resorts • amusement parks • theme parks • entertainment centers and • sporting facilities

44. Description • Vast, complex and fascinating, Saudi Arabia has a rich collection of historical sites, such as the Nabatean remains of Madain Saleh, diverse and rugged landscapes, vibrant cities and, of course, the Saudi people themselves - deeply traditional and respectful. Comment: An adventurous journey through a fascinating country. Hotels and roads are excellent, but be prepared for dusty off-road driving and more basic conditions whilst camping.

45. Getting There • Visas • At present for pilgrimage, or tourism through airlines, travel groups etc. Small "educational groups" from universities, alumni organizations and museums are getting special travel permits through Saudi Arabian Airlines, the national carrier. • Travel • All airlines fly to major cities • Buses to travel to archeological sites • http://www.canoe.ca/TravelWorld/saudi_9905.html (Site to visit: The article title is: Saudi Arabia lifts the veil Conservative Kingdom opening door to foreign tourists by EILEEN ALT POWELL -- Associated Press)

46. What the country has to offer • Blend of modern and traditional styles • Plenty of nature oriented entertainment • Desert (vast empty quarter in the south), sand dunes, desert trips • date orchards, oasis • beaches (24/7, 365 days of sunshine), a very long coastline • the Red Sea beaches with turquoise water known for the worlds finest scuba diving • mountain resorts, valleys, and camping areas • Falconry • See Bedouin life style (jewellery, tents… etc) • Modern day • Play golf, • Visit • arcade centers • aquariums • museums, Abdul Raouf Museum in Jeddah • zoo • Play water sports • Pilgrimage

47. What the country has to offer • Historic and archeological sites • The country is also very rich in archaeological sites • These include the spectacular tombs and dwellings carved into sandstone 2,000 years ago by the Nabateans (the same lost civilization that created Petra in neighboring Jordan).

48. Archeological Sites • Diriyah: The 350-year-old ruins at Diriyah, the ancient home of Saudi kings and tribal leaders near Riyadh, is being renovated after 20 years of neglect. The Saudi government is transforming Diriyah as part of its push to attract tourists.

49. Ad’Diriyah • Located on the banks of Wadi’ Hanifa, about 20 KMs north of Riyahd. • A visit to the antiquities of Ad’Diriyah today is a beneficial and joyous experience for families. • It refreshes the memories of the religious reforms and the establishment of the Saudi State. • Old capital, one of the big ancient cities, famous also for date palms.

50. Madain Al-Saleh Sites • Madain Saleh is situated in the north western area of Saudi Arabia. It was created by the Nabetians (the same people who built the magnificant Petra in Jordan). Madain Saleh is a spectacular site.