SO1506

1. SO1506 Stratification & Social Inequality

2. Lecture Outline What is Social Stratification? Dimensions of Stratification Systems of Stratification The ‘Founding Fathers’ & Social Stratification

3. What is Social Stratification? The arrangement of individuals into hierarchical strata within society Persistent over time Universal but variable in form Supported by cultural belief Boundaries & Social Closure Stratification & Social Inequality

4. Dimensions of Stratification Race & Ethnicity Gender Age Social Class

5. Dimensions of Stratification Race & Ethnicity Origins of ‘Race’ The ‘Race Logic’ Segregation: South Africa &The USA

6. Dimensions of Stratification Gender Inequality Patriarchy Emancipation

7. Dimensions of Stratification Age Discrimination: ‘Over the Hill’ or the rise of ‘Grey Power’? Other: Sexuality, Disability Social Class

8. Forms of Stratification: Slavery Slavery: The Engine of Empires? Slavery in the 15th-19th Century: Colonial Empires The European/New World Slave Trade

9. Systems of Stratification: The Estate System (Feudalism)

10. Contemporary Slavery Disposable People (Bales,1999) People Trafficking Gangmasters

11. Systems of Stratification: Caste

12. Systems of Stratification: Social Class (UK)

13. Karl Marx 1818-1883 "The (written) history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.“ (Marx, 1848) The Bourgeoisie (Capital) and the Proletariat (Labour)

14. Max Weber 1864-1920 Social Inequality Economic Class Social Status Prestige Power

15. Emile Durkheim 1858-1917

16. Lecture 2 Class, Inequality & The Market Society The UK (& USA)

17. Lecture Outline Social Inequality in the UK (& USA) The Persistence of Stratification Legitimation & Ideology Culture & The Reproduction of Inequality Towards A ‘Classless Society’?

18. Social Class Inequalities Nominally ‘Open’ Stratification System Inequalities of: Income Wealth Power Prestige

19. Social Inequality: The 19th & Early 20th Century UK: ‘Two Nations’ (Disraeli, 1845) USA: ‘How the Other Half Lives’ (Riis,1890)

20. Social Inequality: The 19th & Early 20th Century Citizenship T.H. Marshall (1950): Civil, Political & Social Rights Trade Unions Chartism The Early Welfare State

21. Social Inequality: Mid 20th Century

22. Social Inequality: Mid 20th Century The ‘Post War Settlement’ & ‘The New Deal’ ‘You’ve Never Had It So Good’ (Harold Macmillan, British Prime Minister, 1951)

23. Social Inequality: 1970’s - Present Early 1970’s Economic Crises (Oil & Stagflation) The End of the Settlement: Thatcherism & Reaganomics The Marketization of Society

24. Contemporary Social Inequality

25. Social Mobility Argument: ‘The Gap’ (between rich and poor) doesn’t matter if no one’s starving and there is high social mobility. BUT: Absolute Poverty & Relative Deprivation (how does this affect people?) Social Mobility: The extent to which individuals can rise and fall within a society. Open societies: High Mobility Closed societies: Low Mobility Most mobile ‘developed’ nations: Scandinavian countries & Canada Least mobile: UK, USA (OECD)

26. The Persistence of Social Inequality Ideology Legitimation Institutionalization Socialization

27. Ideology? Religion The ‘Horatio Alger’ Story The ‘Bell Curve’(The better off are ‘naturally’ smarter) The ‘Culture of Poverty Thesis’ The Davis/ Moore Thesis: Stratification as normal and functional (Meritocracy)

28. Pierre Bourdieu: Beyond the Economic ‘Habitus’ & The Reproduction of Social Class Economic Capital Cultural Capital Social Capital

29. A Classless Society? Reduced ‘Visibility’ of Working Class: Industry to Services Collapse of W/Class Community Embourgeoisment The Introduction of Gender/Ethnicity as complicating factor The ‘Underclass’

30. A Classless Society? Spatial Polarisation Community, The Lifestyle Enclave & The Gated Society: Ghettoization and Gentrification