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MICROORGANISMS

MICROORGANISMS. Definitions. Microorganism : microbe, small living plant or animal that is not visible to the naked eye. Examples: bacteria, protozoa, fungi, rickettsiae, and viruses. Definitions.

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MICROORGANISMS

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  1. MICROORGANISMS

  2. Definitions • Microorganism: microbe, small living plant or animal that is not visible to the naked eye. • Examples: bacteria, protozoa, fungi, rickettsiae, and viruses.

  3. Definitions • Nonpathogens: microorganisms that are a part of the normal flora of the body and are beneficial to maintaining certain body processes. • Pathogens: microorganisms that cause infection and disease . (germs)

  4. From one to another… • Microorganisms that are beneficial in one area of the body, can become harmful if they are present in another area of the body.. • SO..Nonpathogens can become Pathogens!! • Example: E coli is normal in the large intestine..and aid in digestion..BUT if E coli is found in the urinary system or blood it causes infections.

  5. Classifications • Bacteria: one celled plants that multiply rapidly. • Protozoa: one celled animals found in decayed materials and contaminated water. • Fungi: Simple plantlike organisms that live on dead organic matter.

  6. Classifications • Rickettsiae: parasites..cant live outside the cells of another organism. • Viruses: smallest living organism, visable only with the use of an electron microscope. They cant reproduce unless they are inside another living cell.

  7. Examples • Spirilli: spiral shaped. • Causes cholera and syphilis.

  8. Examples • Bacteria: • Cocci- round or spherical shaped, occur in pairs chains and clusters. • Diplococci: pair of cocci • Streptococci: chains (think of a strip of cocci) • Staphlococci: Clusters (think of grapes)

  9. ExamplesBacteria continued • Bacilli: rod shaped, occurs singly, in pairs, or in chains. Some contain flagella (threadlike projections that are similar to tails that allow bacilli to move) • Able to form spores (thick walled capsules) when conditions are poor for growth. • Extremely difficult to kill!

  10. Examples • Protozoa: amoeba • Pathogenic ones cause malaria, amebic dysentery, trichomonas, and African sleeping sickness.

  11. Examples • Fungi: yeast and molds/ • Causes diseases such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, histoplasmosis, and thrush.

  12. Examples • Rickettsiae: found on fleas, ticks, and lice, and mites. • Causes diseases such as typhus fever, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

  13. Examples • Viruses: HIV and HBV • Spread from human to human by blood and body fluids. • Difficult to kill, resistant to disinfectants, and are not usually affected by antibiotics. • Causes many diseases: AIDS, hepatitis B colds, measles, mumps, chicken pox, herpes, warts, flu and polio

  14. What they NEED! Microorganisms NEED : Warm environment: body temperature is ideal Darkness: again..inside the body is protected from light..some microbes are immediately killed by sunlight. Moisture and Food: blood

  15. Oxygen vs. Nonoxygen • Aerobic: REQUIRE oxygen. • Anerobic: does NOT REQUIRE oxygen. • *The human body is an ideal supplier of all the needs of microorganisms.

  16. Inside or Outside • Exogenous: infections or disease that originate OUTSIDE the body. • Endogenous: infections or disease that originate INSIDE the body. • Example: tumors, congenital abnormalities, or metabolic disorders.

  17. Nosocomial • An infection that originates in the health care facility. Example: Post surgical Pneumonia

  18. Chain of Infection Causative Agent Pathogen Reservoir Where Pathogen lives

  19. Chain of Infection • Portal of Exit: • Way to escape the reservoir • Urine , feces, saliva, blood, tears, mucous discharge, sexual secretions,and draining wounds

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