MILITARY HISTORY AND SCIENCE

1. INTRODUCTION TO MILITARY SCIENCE MILITARY HISTORY AND SCIENCE

2. DESCRIPTION OF WAR • WAR IS: • FOUGHT TO ACHIEVE POLITICAL GOALS THAT CAN’T BE ACHIEVED W/OUT IT • PLACING THE MOST DESTRUCTIVE FORCE ON THE ENEMY AS POSSIBLE UNIL THEY SURRENDER OR ARE DESTROYED

3. DESCRIPTION OF WAR WE STUDY WAR BECAUSE IT IS: • CRUCIBLE FOR SIGNIFICANT CHANGE • CREATESHUGE POLITICAL, SOCIAL & ECONOMIC CHANGE IN A SHORT TIME

4. MILITARY DEFINITIONS

5. DEFINITIONS • WAR – USE OF FORCE: PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, DIPLOMATIC, ECONOMIC & MORAL • PHYSICAL FORCE = COMBAT POWER • OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE

6. DEFINITIONS • OFFENSE – ADVANCE, FIND THE ENEMY AND DEFEAT THEM • DEFENSE – PROTECT WEAKNESS, USE THE ENEMY’S COMBAT POWER UNTIL IT CANNOT ATTACK

7. DEFINITIONS • POLITICAL GOALS DETERMINE STRATEGY • STRATEGY – BROAD PLAN OF CAMPAIGNS TO FULFILL POLITICAL GOALS CAMPAIGN – SERIES OF BATTLES • TACTICS IMPLEMENT STRATEGY BY SHORT-TERM DECISIONS ON THE MOVEMENT OF TROOPS AND EMPLOYMENT OF WEAPONS ON THE BATTLEFIELD

8. MILITARY PRINCIPLES

9. PRINCIPLES OF WAR • PRINCIPLES OF WAR – FUNDAMENTAL TRUTHS GOVERNING THE PROSECUTION OF WAR • APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES TO THE PLANNING FOR AND DIRECTION OF WAR IS CALLED STRATEGY • THEIR APPLICATION ON THE BATTLEFIELD IS CALLED TACTICS • DEVELOPMENTS IN WEAPONS AND TECHNIQUES OF WAGING WAR HAVE INFLUENCED THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES BUT THEY STILL HOLD TRUE

10. PRINCIPLES OF WAR • 9 TOTAL PRINCIPLES; 3 ADDITIONAL PRINCIPLES OF JOINT OPERATIONS • ACRONYM MOOSE MUSS • OBJECTIVE – DIRECT EVERY MILITARY OPERATION TOWARDS A CLEARLY DEFINED, DECISIVE, AND ATTAINABLE OBJECTIVE • OFFENSIVE – SEIZE, RETAIN, AND EXPLOIT THE INITIATIVE • MASS – CONCENTRATE COMBAT POWER AT THE DECISIVE PLACE AND TIME • MOUNT MORE COMBAT POWER THAN THE ENEMY AT A CRITICAL POINT

11. PRINCIPLES OF WAR • ECONOMY OF FORCE – ALLOCATE MINIMUM ESSENTIAL COMBAT POWER TO SECONDARY EFFORTS • DON’T EXPEND MORE COMBAT POWER THAN NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVE • MANEUVER – PLACE THE ENEMY IN A POSITION OF DISADVANTAGE THROUGH THE FLEXIBLE APPLICATION OF COMBAT POWER • BE WHERE THE ENEMY DOESN’T EXPECT YOU AND/OR WITH STRENGTH NOT EXPECTED

12. PRINCIPLES OF WAR • UNITY OF COMMAND – FOR EVERY OBJECTIVE, ENSURING UNITY OF EFFORT UNDER ONE RESPONSIBLE COMMANDER • SUBORDINATES MAKE TACTICAL PLANS BASED ON THE STRATEGIC PLAN • SECURITY – PROTECT FORCES FROM SURPRISE. • KNOWING THE ENEMY’S PLANS AND MOVEMENTS

13. PRINCIPLES OF WAR • SURPRISE – MULTIPLIES COMBAT POWER/INCREASES EFFECTIVENESS • SIMPLICITY – PREPARE CLEAR, UNCOMPLICATED PLANS FOR CLEAR, CONCISE ORDERS TO ENSURE THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING

14. ADDITIONAL PRINCIPLES OF JOINT OPERATIONS • PERSEVERANCE – STEADFASTNESS AND PERSISTENCE IN ADHERING TO A COURSE OF ACTION • OPERATIONS MAY TAKE YEARS AND SOLUTIONS/CAUSES HARD TO SEE • PATIENT PURSUIT FOR NATIONAL GOALS = BETTER CHANCE OF SUCCESS

15. ADDITIONAL PRINCIPLES OF JOINT OPERATIONS • LEGITIMACY – THE PERCEPTION THAT SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE LAW AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH WHT IS RIGHT AND REASONABLE • 3 FACTORS • OPERATIONS/CAMPAIGNS CARRIED OUT UNDER US LAW • UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW AND TREATIES RECOGNIZED BY US • DEVELOPS OR REINFORCES THE AUTHORITY OF THE HOST-NATION GOVERNMENT

16. ADDITIONAL PRINCIPLES OF JOINT OPERATIONS • RESTRAINT – TO LIMIT COLLATERAL DAMAGE AND PREVENT THE UNNECESSARY USE OF FORCE • UPHOLDS LEGITIMACY • ENSURES RULES OF EGAGEMENT ARE MAINTAINED