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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Conditions:. The net force on an object needs to be directly proportional to the objects vector displacement from its equilibrium position and oppositely directed. Net force is proportional to negative displacement from equilibrium.

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11

  2. Conditions: The net force on an object needs to be directly proportional to the objects vector displacement from its equilibrium position and oppositely directed. Net force is proportional to negative displacement from equilibrium.

  3. Force, Velocity, and Acceleration during Simple Harmonic Motion Velocity: In simple harmonic motion, the velocity constantly changes, oscillating just as the displacement does. When the displacement is maximum, however, the velocity is zero; when the displacement is zero, the velocity is maximum. Acceleration: The acceleration also oscillates in simple harmonic motion. If you consider a mass on a spring, when the displacement is zero the acceleration is also zero, because the spring applies no force. When the displacement is maximum, the acceleration is maximum, because the spring applies maximum force; the force applied by the spring is in the opposite direction as the displacement. Force: The force acting on the wave must vary in the same way that the acceleration varies since F=m*a.

  4. Calculate the force using Hooke’s Law Hooke's Law: F=kx Ex: When a 13.2-kg mass is placed on top of a vertical spring, the spring compresses 5.93 cm. Find the force constant of the spring. From Hooke's Law: F = kx The force on the spring is the weight of the object, 13.2*9.8 = 129 N x = 5.93 cm =0.0593 m 129 = (0.0593)x x = 2181 N/m More problems with answers:http://www.physics247.com/physics-homework-help/elastic-potential.php

  5. Amplitude of Vibration

  6. Relationships: period and frequency They are inverses! p^-1=f; f^-1=p

  7. Calculating Period and Frequency: Period: T=1/f Frequency: f=1/T

  8. How particles move in a wave: Longitudinal Waves: Particles simply oscillate back and forth over their equilibrium position. Ex: P waves Transverse Waves: Particle displacement it perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Ex: S waves

  9. Pulse Waves and longitudinal waves waveforms: Pulse waves: A pulse wave is a type of non-sinusoidal waveform. Longitudinal waves: Longitudinal waves, also known as "l-waves", are waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as, or the opposite direction to, the direction of travel of the wave.

  10. Wave speed, frequency, and wavelength relationships in use: Ex: A sound wave has a frequency of 3250 Hz and a wavelength of 0.1, what is its velocity? Answer: Use v = f * λ v = 3250 * 0·1= 325 m/s. More examples on: http://www.gcsescience.com/pwav6.htm

  11. Relate Energy and Amplitude: Amplitude^2=power Power*time=energy

  12. Superposition Principle: When two waves interfere, the resulting displacement of the medium at any location is the algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that same location.

  13. Constructive/Destructive Interference Constructive: Adding two waves point by point, the resultant will be larger than the two original. Destructive: The sum of the waves equals zero. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves

  14. Inversion of Reflected Wave: Waves bounce off of a fixed point which inverts the reflected wave.

  15. Production of Standing Waves: Standing waves are created when the medium is vibrated at a specific frequency, a harmonic. Specific points appear to be "standing still". http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-4/Formation-of-Standing-Waves

  16. Nodes and Antinodes Node: Point along the wave where amp. is minimum. Antinode: Maximum amplitude

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