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Launching the New Ship of State 1789-1800

Launching the New Ship of State 1789-1800. Mr. Walters Chapter 10 AP. Why Bill of Rights?. All thirteen states had to ratify the Constitution This would sell the anti-federalist on the Constitution –protecting individual rights.

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Launching the New Ship of State 1789-1800

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  1. Launching the New Ship of State 1789-1800 Mr. Walters Chapter 10 AP

  2. Why Bill of Rights? • All thirteen states had to ratify the Constitution • This would sell the anti-federalist on the Constitution –protecting individual rights. • Madison does it himself to ensure its done right. • Was a surprise to the public – who would argue against it? • Impact of the 9th and 10th amendment . . . . • 9th: People have more rights than just these • 10th: Anything not controlled by the Federal government will be left to the States. What exactly does this mean?

  3. Anti-Federalists vs. Federalists Anti-Federalists • States’ rights • Backcountry dwellers • Small farmers • Debtors • S. Adams, P. Henry, Richard Henry Lee Federalists • Strong federal gov. • Seaboard dwellers • Wealthy and better educated • Controlled the press (The Federalist Papers) • G. Washington, B. Franklin, Madison, Hamilton, Jay

  4. Election of 1789 • Electors cast two votes for President • Each elector selected Washington w/ at least one • NC and RI hadn’t ratified the Constitution • NY had problems deciding how electors would be chosen

  5. Executive Branch (1789-1796) • Cabinet not outlined in the Constitution – a “Washington Invention” • John Jay named 1st Chief Justice of the five member Supreme Court

  6. Alexander Hamilton • Not a “natural” citizen (born in the Caribbean) • Federalist / aide to Washington • Arch rival: Jefferson • “Father of the National Debt” • Assumption fight and compromise • Debt was a “national blessing” • why? • Bank of the United States

  7. Whiskey Rebellion (1794) • PA farmers not happy with tariff • Launch an “insurrection” • Washington personally leads militia into PA to restore order (direct opposite of Shay’s Rebellion) • Represents peaceful dialogue over violence in order to change policy

  8. What caused parties to form? • Division about fiscal policies: The National Bank • Response to Whiskey Rebellion • The French Revolution: would we side with our allies? • Thought of “opposition to the government” scared many

  9. Political Rivalries Democrat-Republicans • States rights (local) • Strict construction view • Agriculture based • Rule of the people • Backed France • Support in S and W • Jefferson and Madison key supporters Federalists • Federal rights • Loose construction view • Industrial based • Avoid “mob” rule / elites • Backed England • Support in NE • J. Adams and Hamilton key supporters

  10. Washington’s Farewell Address Beware of entangling alliances… …because they will get us involved in other people’s wars.

  11. Election of 1796 • President and V.P. come from different parties for 1st time • MD split the vote between the two

  12. President John Adams • Jay’s Treaty with England angers D-R and France. • Adams not well liked and comes to power in a very close, bitter election • Stuck between neo-Federalists led by Hamilton (not pro-British enough) and Jefferson’s D-R (anti-British) • France reacts by seizing American vessels at sea (300 by 1797)

  13. Quasi-War w/ France (1798-1800) • John Marshall is sent to France to negotiate w/ Talleyrand But before they meet... X,Y, Z

  14. Quasi-War brought to you by the letters X, Y, and Z • They ask for a $250,000 bribe just to talk to Talleyrand • Marshall refuses and returns to America • “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” • Adams avoids war by appealing to new French ruler Napoleon • Convention of 1800 = “divorce” w/ Fr.

  15. Alien and Sedition Acts • Federalists during war fervor pass laws to silence the opposition (D-R) • Alien Act • Naturalization from 5 to 14 yrs • President can jail or deport in time of war • Sedition Act • Impeding policies of the government = jail • Attacking officials in press = jail and fine b/c of French

  16. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Reaction to the Alien and Sedition Acts • Jefferson writes for Kentucky • Madison writes for Virginia • Develops the idea of “nullification” • The States have the right to ignore laws that the Federal Government “oversteps it’s authority on” • Constitutional issues were later a right the Supreme Court “adopts” in 1803.

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