The sun allows life on earth to exist

1. The sun allows life on earth to exist

2. Figure 10.1 Photosynthesis • Is the process that uses solar energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy (Carbohydrates –sugars and starches)

5. Plants are autotrophs or producers • Because they have the ability to make their own food. 2 Types of producers or autotrophs • Photosynthesis • Chemosynthesis- bacteria

6. Photosynthesis Occurs in • Plants 2. Algae – Phytoplankton 3. Protist- Single cell organisms living in pond water 4. Prokaryotes - Bacteria

9. Heterotrophs • Obtain their energy from other organisms by eating them • Are the consumers of the biosphere

10. Three things are need by plants for photosynthesis • Water • Carbon dioxide • Sunlight

11. Leaf cross section Vein Mesophyll CO2 O2 Stomata Chloroplasts: Are the Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants

12. Mesophyll Chloroplast 5 µm Outer membrane Thylakoid Intermembrane space Thylakoid space Granum Stroma Inner membrane 1 µm

13. Structure of the chloroplasts • Thylakoids- disk shaped structure - Chlorophyll is found here Chlorophyll- this absorbs the light - acts like a solar panel - two types a and b

14. Photosynthesis Equation

16. Reactants: 12 H2O 6 CO2 6 H2O 6 O2 C6H12O6 Products: Figure 10.4

17. The energy comes from the sun • light energy is used to power chemical reactions that combine water with the air's carbon dioxide to form starchy carbohydrate (written on board)

18. LIGHT • Is a form of electromagnetic energy, which travels in waves

19. Wavelength Is the distance between the crests of waves

21. Wavelength is important • Because it determines the type of electromagnetic energy

22. 1 m 106 nm 10–5 nm 106 nm 1 nm 10–3 nm 103 nm 103 m Micro- waves Radio waves Gamma rays X-rays UV Infrared Visible light 380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm Shorter wavelength Longer wavelength Lower energy Higher energy Figure 10.6 The electromagnetic spectrum

23. The visible light spectrum • Includes the colors of light we can see

24. ROY G BIV • Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

25. Pigments ● Are substances that absorb visible light • Chlorophyll is the main pigment that absorbs certain wavelengths of light

26. Light Absorption by Chlorophyll a and b

27. Light Reflected Light Chloroplast Absorbed light Granum Transmitted light Figure 10.7

28. What does that graph tell you? • Chlorophyll a and b absorbs • 1. Blue • 2. Violet • 3. Red

29. How Do CELLS USE ENERGY? 1. ACTIVE TRANSPORT 2. Endocytosis 3. Exocytosis Animation from:

30. 4. Synthesis of biomolecules

31. 5. Reproduction • 6. Movement

32. CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and RELEASE ENERGY Adenosine triphosphate

33. 3 ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS Adenosine triphosphate ATP = __________________________

34. ATP can change into ADP 2 ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS Adenosine diphosphate ADP = __________________________

35. http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.htmlhttp://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html ATP releases energy stored in a high energy chemical bond by removing the phosphate and becoming ADP ATP→ ____ + ____ + ADP

36. Cells ________ energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP. STORE The energy to do this comes from ____________ like _____________ FOODS GLUCOSE It’s like recharging the battery ! ADP+ ___ + ________ → ___ ATP