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Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so

Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed. Mechanical Digestion: *teeth  chewing breaks ↓ food into smaller pieces (prepares for chemical

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Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so

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  1. Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed

  2. Mechanical Digestion: *teeth  chewing breaks ↓ food into smaller pieces (prepares for chemical digestion by ↑ing SA for enzymes to work in chemical digestion) *churning of stomach (sm muscles)

  3. Chemical Digestion: Enzymes further break ↓ food particles so nutrients can be absorbed

  4. 4 Layers of Digestive Tract

  5. *Frenulum: attaches tongue to floor of mouth

  6. Epiglottis: closes off trachea and bolus passed into esophagus (behind trachea) when you swallow

  7. Salivary Glands: In mouth start chemical digestion of carbs

  8. Pharynx (throat)

  9. Esophagus and Cardiac Sphincter cardiac sphincter

  10. Stomach * *

  11. Small Intestine: ABSORPTION of nutrients Duodenum 1st part of sm intestine is where most digestion takes place Rest of sm intestine  absorption

  12. Villi/Microvilli Of Sm Intestine ↑ SA for absorption of nutrients

  13. Liver and Gall Bladder

  14. Lg Intestine: Fx Absorption of H2O

  15. jejunum

  16. Peritoneum: Serous moist membrane lines abdominal cavity & covers organs (remember Epi membranes  serous, cutaneous, mucous  connective tissue membranes  synovial no Epi component Shiny surface of the organs is the visceral peritoneum; shiny  lining the abdominal wall is the parietal peritoneum

  17. Mesentary: Extension of Parietal Peritoneum Anchors Sm Intestine to abdominal wall

  18. Greater Omentum: Extension of parietal peritoneum Envelopes inflamed appendix CAT M E O W

  19. Digestion of Carbs: major source of energy Starts in mouth w/salivary amylase Sm Intestine: pancreatic & intestinal juices digest starch & sugars ____________ase (enzyme for what it works on) Amylase  breaks ↓starch & sugars Maltase  breaks ↓maltose (gal + gal) Sucrase  breaks ↓ sucrose (glu + fru) Lactase  breaks ↓ lactose (glu + gal) * Starches polysaccharides disaccharides monosaccharides

  20. Carbs: preferred energy food Glycolysis: glucose metabolism (catabolic) CR: w/ O2 = lots of ATP Glycogenolysis: glu  glycogen for storage (an anabolic) Pancreas: Alpha Cells  glucagon hormone glycogen  glucose ↑’s BS Beta Cells  insulin hormone carries glucose across CM ↓BS Antagonists Hypoglycemia: low BS vs Hyperglycemia: high BS Diabetics metabolize fats vs glucose  byproduct ketones  Ketoacidosis  affects blood pH  diabetic coma

  21. Proteins: Growth & development, repair, enzymes (catalysts) Can be broken ↓ for energy Starts in stomach Enzymes Renin & Pepsin in gastric juice Sm Intestine: Trypsin in pancreatic juice Pepsidin in intestinal juice

  22. Fats: store energy (2x more than carbs) impt in cm’s Saturated, Unsaturated, Polyunsaturated No C=C 1 C=C >1 C=C bond Animals Plants Solid @ RT Liquid @ RT Gastric lipase in gastric juice digests some fat in stomach Most fat undigested until of sm Intestine Bile salts (aid enzyme Fx) made in liver stored in gall bladder, released into duodenum to emulsify fats (mechanical) Pancreatic enzymes splits fats into glycerol & 3 fa’s

  23. Food Undergoes: Digestion, Absorption (↑ SA) Metabolism *Metabolism = anabolic + catabolic Rx’s (dehy synth & hydro) H2O = most of body wt (blood plasma >90% H2O Minerals: Inorganic & req’d by body (to make Hgb, DNA, RNA, ATP) Ca: teeth, bones, nerve, muscle fx Vitamins: Help enzymes fx K & some B complex made in liver D made in skin (w/ sunlight) A, D, E, K, fat soluble & stored in fatty tissue C & B H2O soluble, need daily

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