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Nuclear Power Generation in China

Nuclear Power Generation in China. WANG Jie, YU Xiaoli, YANG Xiaoyong INET, Tsinghua University, China Sept. 24, 2010. Contents. Nuclear Reactor Technology. Government’s Policy. Current Status. Future Plan. Conclusions. Schematic for NPP. Nuclear Reactor Technology.

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Nuclear Power Generation in China

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  1. Nuclear Power Generation in China WANG Jie, YU Xiaoli, YANG Xiaoyong INET, Tsinghua University, China Sept. 24, 2010

  2. Contents • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  3. SchematicforNPP • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions Primary system, Secondary system, (Third system)

  4. Special Features • Nuclear Reactor Technology Fission Equation: • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan 1. Reactivity • Conclusions 2. Decay heat 3. Radioactivity

  5. Reactor Design • Nuclear Reactor Technology 1. Reactivity Control Neutron control • Government’s Policy • Current Status 2. Decay heat removal Special cooling system • Future Plan • Conclusions 3. Radioactivity prevention Engineered barriers

  6. Typical Design Specifications for PWR • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  7. Safety design • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy 1.Negative temperature coefficient 2.Decayheat Removalsystem • Current Status 3. Three barriers • Reactivity decreases with increasing temperature • Cooling core at • any condition • Future Plan • Fuel clad • Pressure vessel • Containment • building • Conclusions

  8. Nuclear Reactor Three Stages Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Thermal Neutron Reactor Fast Neutron Breed Reactor Fusion Reactor Better utilization of 238U resource Reducing radioactive waste Dream of human beings The majority of NPPs currently • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  9. Contents • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  10. Energy Consumption • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions Year The energy consumption of China in 1997~2009 (kilo ton)

  11. Power Generation • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions The power generation of China in 2001~2009

  12. Government’s Policy • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Since 2004, Chinese government changed the policy of • nuclear development from “moderate” to “active” • Government’s Policy • Jan. 2006, Large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor • power plant was listed in “Sixteen National Significant • S&T Projects” by National Program for Medium to Long- • Term Scientific and Technological Development • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions Sep 5, 2010, President Hu Jintao in Daya Bay NPP

  13. Contents • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  14. Current status Nuclear power reactors in China Nuclear reactor technologies in China Nuclear equipment manufacture Advanced reactors Fuel cycle

  15. Nuclear power reactors In operation Generation II+ under construction • Nuclear Reactor Technology Generation III under construction • Government’s Policy Tianwan4 Hongyanhe6 • Current Status Haiyang2 Ningde4 Tianwan2 • Future Plan Fuqing6 Qingshan6 Fangjiashan2 Yangjiang6 Qinshan II 1 • Conclusions Fangchenggang2 Sanyang2 Changjiang2 Lingao II 2 Tanshan2 Daya Bay, lingao4 Nuclear power reactors in mainland China (Updated 15 August 2010)

  16. Operating nuclear reactors • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions Mainland China has 13 nuclear power reactors in operation, 24 under construction, and more about to start construction soon.

  17. Nuclear reactors under construction   Plant Number Capacity (104kw) Under construction Under construction Gross Gross • Nuclear Reactor Technology Qinshan Phase II Generation II+ under construction • Government’s Policy Lingao II Hongyanhe • Current Status Ningde Fangjiashan • Future Plan Fuqing Yangjiang Changjiang • Conclusions Jiangsu Tianwan Fangchengg Total The number in () represent first concrete was poured

  18. Nuclear reactors under construction (continued) Plant Number Capacity (104kw) • Nuclear Reactor Technology Gross Under construction Under construction Gross • Government’s Policy Sanmen • Current Status Generation III under construction Haiyang Taishan • Future Plan Total II+and III Total • Conclusions The number in () represent first concrete was poured

  19. Qinshan phase I Qinshan phase II Nuclear reactor technologies in China • Nuclear Reactor Technology CNP300: Qinshan phase I, China's first indigenously-designed, Constructed from late 1980, exporting to Pakistan • Government’s Policy CNP600: Qinshan phase II • Current Status CNP1000: China National Nuclear Corporation, developed from Qinshan CNP-600 units • Future Plan • Conclusions

  20. Tianwan Qinshan Phase III Nuclear reactor technologies in China (Continued) CANDU 6: Qinshan Phase III , supplied by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy M310: Daya Bay, PWRs imported from France VVER: Tianwan, Russia's AES-91, Tianwan units 3 & 4 will use the same version of the VVER-1000 • Current Status CPR1000: China Guangdong Nuclear Power Cooperation, Lingao, Advanced CPR1000 • Future Plan • Conclusions Daya Bay

  21. Nuclear reactor technologies in China (continued) SFR: Fast neutron reactors, located in CIAE, achieved its first criticality in Jul 21, 2010 • Nuclear Reactor Technology AP1000: Generation III technology, first four Westinghouse AP1000 reactors are being built at Sanmen and Haiyang • Government’s Policy • Current Status EPR: Generation III technology, two Areva EPR reactors are being built at Taishan • Future Plan HTR: High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor, designed by INET of Tsinghua University, pebble bed fuel, HTR-PM • Conclusions CEFR (SFR) HTR-10

  22. Nuclear reactor technologies in China (Summary) • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Summary: • PWR was the major reactor type, but not the unique reactor type. • The reactors under construction are mainly generation II+ and III. • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions News: Aug 26, 2010, Lingao Phase II, unit 1 put into operation

  23. Northeast Sichuan Shanghai Nuclear equipment manufacture Three nuclear equipment manufacturing bases gradually formed Supply pressure vessels, steam generators, turbines, regulators • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy Harbin Electric Corporaiton Product: AP1000 steam turbine, Reactor: Haiyang, Sanmen • Current Status • Future Plan Dongfang Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator and turbine Reactor: Fuqing, Fangjiashan • Conclusions Shanghai Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator, pressure vessel, nuclear island components Reactor:Qinshan II, Lingao II

  24. Advanced reactors---CEFR CEFR: China Experimental Fast Reactor • Nuclear Reactor Technology • A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program) • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  25. Advanced reactors---CEFR (Continued) CEFR: China Experiment Fast Reactor • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Jul 21, 2010，CEFR achieved criticality • Next step: • Connected to the grid before Jun 30, 2011 • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan Three phases plan of fast reactor in China 1 2 3 CEFR Experimental Fast reactor CDFR Demonstration Fast Reactor • Conclusions CCFR Commercial Fast Reactor Cooperation with Russia

  26. Advanced reactors---HTR HTR: High temperature gas cooled reactor • Nuclear Reactor Technology • HTR-10: • A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program) • 2000, achieved its first criticality • 2002, connected to grid • 2003, reached rated power • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  27. Advanced reactors---HTR (Continued) HTR: High temperature gas cooled reactor • Nuclear Reactor Technology Two projects under development: HTR-10GT, HTR-PM • Government’s Policy HTR-10GT HTR-PM Thermal power:500MW Two reactors drive one turbine • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  28. Nuclear Fuel Cycle Strategy: Closed nuclear fuel cycle system China has primarily established a nuclear fuel cycle system covering uranium exploration, mining and milling, conversion, isotope separation, nuclear fuel element manufacture and spent fuel reprocessing. • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  29. Nuclear Fuel Cycle (continued) Spent fuel reprocessing • Nuclear Reactor Technology • In March 2010, hot commissioning of the pilot spent fuel reprocessing plant was started. • In Feb 2010, Large-scale commercial spent fuel reprocessing factory (LSFRB) project listed in “Sixteen National Significant S&T Projects” was launched officially. • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions Establishing a closed nuclear fuel cycle, is very important to realize sustainable development of nuclear energy and protect environment

  30. Contents • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  31. installed nuclear capacity (GWe) Future Plan • Nuclear Reactor Technology Nuclear power capacity are officially estimated to be 80 GWe by 2020, 200 GWe by 2030 and 400 GWe by 2050. • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  32. Contents • Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions

  33. Nuclear Reactor Technology • Government’s Policy • Current Status • Future Plan • Conclusions Conclusions China is actively promoting nuclear power, to meet the requirements of energy consumption, low carbon emission for sustainable development. PWRs will be the majority of reactor type in China, including Generation II+ and III. Three nuclear equipment manufacture bases are established, which can supply most components of NPPs. China Experimental Fast Reactor achieved its first criticality. The establishment of the closed nuclear fuel cycle system is now in progress.

  34. References China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), http://www.cnnc.com.cn China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding Corporation (CGNPC), http://www.cgnpc.com.cn State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation Ltd. (SNPTC), http://www.snptc.com.cn China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), http://www.ciae.ac.cn World Nuclear Association (WNA), http://www.world-nuclear.org

  35. Thanks for your attention.

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