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OPERANT CONDITIONING

OPERANT CONDITIONING. Unit 6. Sensitivity to Punishment & Rewards. Punishment Score= Add all of your Yes responses for each ODD number You’ll have a range from 0-24 Reward Score= Add all of your Yes responses for each EVEN number You’ll have a range from 0-24.

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OPERANT CONDITIONING

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  1. OPERANT CONDITIONING Unit 6

  2. Sensitivity to Punishment & Rewards Punishment Score= • Add all of your Yes responses for each ODD number • You’ll have a range from 0-24 Reward Score= • Add all of your Yes responses for each EVEN number • You’ll have a range from 0-24 High punishment score you are likely vulnerable to anxiety High reward score you are likely vulnerable to impulsivity

  3. Objective 4:Applications of Classical Conditioning • John Watson and Baby Albert http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE Little Albert

  4. Objective 5:Operant Conditioning B.F. SKINNER

  5. BEFORE your response stimulus What determines your behavior? • Classical Conditioning • behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus (you have no control) • Operant conditioning • Associate your own actions with consequences (you have control over behavior) When does this happen? AFTER your response consequence

  6. Do you care about future consequences? -reverse #s3,4,5,9,10,11,&12 • Total all 12 • Range from 12-60 • Higher numbers indicate greater concern for future consequences • Optimistic, hopeful, recycle, internal locus of control, concern for health, don’t smoke • Lower numbers tend to be very passionate about things currently going on in life • Tend to live in the here-and-now http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3S0xS2hdi4 Marshmallow Test

  7. How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbor’s friendly dog? Be sure to identify the US-UR-CS-CR along with your explanation. • Mr. Bryne can’t understand why scolding his 7th grade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly. Explain Mr. Bryne’s predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles. Also, show how he could use operant conditioning to (a) reduce disruptive behaviors and (b) increase cooperative behaviors. • Explain how drug addiction is negative reinforcement. • 4. Some people with alcohol dependence report that just the smell of alcohol creates a powerful sense of well-being, increasing their desire to drink the alcohol. Explain this in reaction using a classical conditioning model, and describe one possible way to decrease the reaction. Use the following in your response: • US UR CS CR Extinction

  8. What are the basic types of reinforcers? • Another term for negative reinforcement: correction, reprimand, punishment • When you supply negative reinforcement it usually results in: weakening a behavior / strengthening a behavior • Do people look forward to negative reinforcement: yes / no • Reinforcer • Anything that strengthens the behavior it follows • Positive reinforcement – adds a positive to continue your behavior • Negative reinforcement – removes a negative • Not punishment • Removes a punishing event / gets rid of something annoying

  9. Which type of reinforcement + - • A mother gives her son praise for doing homework • Taking aspirin to relieve headache • Putting mittens on because it is cold • The little boy receives $5.00 for every A he earns on his report card. • Giving in to a whining child • Fanning oneself to escape the heat • Leaving a movie theater if the movie is bad • Smoking in order to relieve anxiety • A father gives his daughter candy for cleaning up toys. • Feigning stomachache to avoid school • Putting up umbrellas to escape the rain • You get yelled at for having your music too loud by your mom who usually ignores you so you can continue - + - - - - + - - +

  10. Punishment • Stops the behavior Negative Reinforcement encourages behavior. When something unpleasant stops, the behavior that caused it to stop is reinforced

  11. Skinner’s ExperimentsPunishment • Negatives of using punishment • Punished behavior is suppressed not forgotten • Punishment teaches discrimination • did child learn not to curse or just not to curse in house? • Punishment can teach fear • Physical punishment may increase aggression

  12. Punishment tells you what not to do; reinforcement tells you what to do

  13. Schedules of Reinforcement 1. Continuous Reinforcment • reward after every behavior 2. Schedules of Reinforcment • 4 types of partial schedules

  14. Skinner’s Experiments • Operant Chamber (Skinner Box)

  15. Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules • Ratio (2) • dependent on the behavior itself; a certain number of responses are needed before reinforcement will occur • FIXED –RATIO • reinforce behavior after set # of responses • VARIABLE-RATIO • reinforce behavior after unpredictable # of responses…slot machine • Interval (2) • involves a TIME element; time must pass before reinforcement will occur • FIXED –INTERVAL • reinforce 1st response after set time…produces stop-start behavior (more as reward draws near) • VARIABLE-INTERVAL • reinforce 1st response after varying time intervals

  16. Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

  17. Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

  18. Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules slot machine

  19. Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

  20. Interval: subject must be behaving at the right time to get reinforcement Reinforcement Schedules

  21. Reinforcement Schedules:Practice VR FR VI FI VI VR FI 8. FR 9. VR 10. VI 11. FR 12. FI

  22. How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbor’s friendly dog? Be sure to identify the US-UR-CS-CR along with your explanation. • Mr. Bryne can’t understand why scolding his 7th grade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly. Explain Mr. Bryne’s predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles. Also, show how he could use operant conditioning to (a) reduce disruptive behaviors and (b) increase cooperative behaviors. • Explain how drug addiction is negative reinforcement. • 4. Some people with alcohol dependence report that just the smell of alcohol creates a powerful sense of well-being, increasing their desire to drink the alcohol. Explain this in reaction using a classical conditioning model, and describe one possible way to decrease the reaction. Use the following in your response: • US UR CS CR Extinction

  23. Sensitivity to Punishment & Reward Questionnaire Are some of us more sensitive to punishment? Are some of us more sensitive to reward? Sensitivity to Punishment • Assign 1 point for each yes answer for odd #s • 0-24 range Sensitivity to Reward • Assign 1 point for each yes answer for even #s High punish. Score vulnerable to anxiety. High reward score = impulsivity.

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