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Taks Review

Taks Review. (8C) Kingdoms (7A) Fossil Record (7B) Natural Selection (13A) Adaptations. I AM going to pass TAKS!. Classifications. Kingdom (most general) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (most specific). King Philip came over for good sweets!.

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Taks Review

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  1. Taks Review (8C) Kingdoms (7A) Fossil Record (7B) Natural Selection (13A) Adaptations I AM going to pass TAKS!

  2. Classifications • Kingdom (most general) • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species (most specific) King Philip came over for good sweets!

  3. The taxonomy divisions from largest to smallest are: Kingdoms (6) Phylla Class Order Family Genus species 49 Which of these classifications is most specific? A Family B Genus C Phylum D Order

  4. 6 Kingdoms – Largest groupings of living things Plantae Fungi Animalia Protista Eubacteria Archaebacteria

  5. Animalia Kingdom • Cell Type: Eukaryotic • Cell Wall: No • Body Type: Multicellular • Nutrition: Heterotrophic • Includes vertebrates and invertebrates (no backbone) • Examples: humans, dogs, sharks, snakes, insects, jellyfish

  6. Plantae Kingdom • Cell Type: Eukaryotic • Cell Wall: Yes - cellulose • Body Type: Multicellular • Nutrition: Autotrophic • All plants perform photosynthesis • Examples: corn, ferns, roses, pine tree, shrubs

  7. Fungi Kingdom • Cell Type: Eukaryotic • Cell Wall: Yes • Body Type: Mostly Multicellular • Nutrition: HeterotrophicDECOMPOSERS! • Are Immobile (cannot move around) • Examples: yeast, earthstar puffball, bread mold (rhizophusstolonifer), mushrooms

  8. Protista Kingdom • Cell Type: Eukaryotic • Cell Wall: Yes • Body Type: Primarily UNICELLULAR • Nutrition: Autotrophic and Heterotrophic • Are Mobile (can move around)-aquatic • Examples: paramecium, euglena, amoeba

  9. Bacteria Kingdoms ARCHAEBACTERIA & EUBACTERIA • Cell Type: Prokaryote – NO NUCLEUS! • Cell Wall: Yes • Body Type: Unicellular • Nutrition: Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

  10. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Often live in extreme environments • In digestive tract of animals • In extreme heat or salinity

  11. Kingdom Eubacteria • Include cyanobacteria, soil bacteria, and disease-causing bacteria • Streptocococcuscauses Strep throat

  12. Knowledge of which of these is most important in classifying this new organism into a kingdom? • Characteristics of a Newly Discovered Organism • Absorb blue light Emits infrared radiation • Contains RNA in nucleus • Appears as a red organism in full daylight • Can obtain nutrition through photosynthesis • The color of light absorbed by the organism • The type of radiation emitted • The use of photosynthesis • The color of the organism

  13. What is an adaptation? • way in which living things respond to changes in their environment • an inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance for survival

  14. Important plant parts… • Cuticle – waxy covering of leaf, keeps from drying out • Stomata – regulates gas exchange during photosynthesis • Leaves – absorbs light from the sun (necessary for photosynthesis) • Roots – absorb water and nutrients from the soil

  15. Examples of Plant Adaptations • Protection: Plants try to avoid predation from herbivores. • For example: • desert plants with thorns; • fruits distasteful when not ripe.

  16. Examples of Plant Adaptations • Leaves: Adapted to many functions in different plants Large, broad leaves to receive maximum sunlight Small needles to minimize water loss

  17. Coloration • Coloration : Different flower colors attract different pollinators.

  18. What is the answer?? • Plant leaves have a waxy covering called a cuticle. When some plants are stressed by lack of water, their cuticle increases in thickness. What does this action demonstrate? • Alternation of generations in plants • Structural response to the environment • Differentiation of vascular tissue in plants • Genetic mutation induced by the environment

  19. What are the eagle’s adaptations?

  20. What are the jack rabbit’s adaptations?

  21. 2 Because of this animal’s adaptations, it would be most successful at — F competing with birds G making its own food H hiding from predators J running very rapidly

  22. And the answer is? • H hiding from predators. • Its not a plant, so it can’t make food. • It has no wings, so it can not compete with birds. • Although it has long legs, it doesn’t seem balanced for running.

  23. Evolution • the change in traits of organisms from generation to generation • “CHANGE OVER LONG PERIODS OF TIME”

  24. Natural Selection • organisms with the most successful adaptations to their environment survive and reproduce • “Survival of the Fittest”

  25. Cladogram • a tree-like diagram showing evolutionary relationships between organisms

  26. Grouping of Selected Species from a Single Phylum The diagram shows relationships of selected species over time. According to this information, which of these species is expected to have the greatest phenotypic difference from the ancestral species? Species Q Species R Species T Species U

  27. Fossil • mineralized remain or preserved impression of an organism that lived in past geological time

  28. Homologous vs. Analogous Structures • Homologous- similar structures, common ancestor, but may be different now • Analogous- different structures, same function, unrelated organisms adapted to similar environment • Ex: bird wings and wings of bats.

  29. Speciation • the evolutionary development of a new species from an existing one through natural selection

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