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The Armor, Weapons, and Clothing of the Roman Army

The Armor, Weapons, and Clothing of the Roman Army. in the time of C. Julius Caesar. Tunica. made of wool sleeveless wide neck Joe Roman Legionnaire - white tunic Centurion - red tunic. Tunica. Lorica /Corselet/Cuirass/Breastplate. leather or linen

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The Armor, Weapons, and Clothing of the Roman Army

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  1. The Armor, Weapons, and Clothing of the Roman Army in the time of C. Julius Caesar

  2. Tunica • made of wool • sleeveless • wide neck • Joe Roman Legionnaire - white tunic • Centurion - red tunic

  3. Tunica

  4. Lorica/Corselet/Cuirass/Breastplate • leather or linen • Joe Roman Legionnaire – plate cuirass (lorica hamata) • Officers – laminated or scaled cuirass(lorica squamata) • Circular plates of iron sewn onto leather or linen

  5. Dona Militaria/ Awards and Decorations • Torques (necklaces) • Armillae (armbands) • Phalerae (embossed discs worn on the corselet) • Corona

  6. Phalerae and Torques

  7. Scarf • .4 feet long • Prevent neck opening from becoming dirty and prevent chafing of neck by body armor • Different colors could represent different legions or cohorts

  8. Leg-wear • Fasciae (leg-swathings) – created specifically as a result of campaigning in Gaul • woolen pieces of cloth wrapped around legs and secured with leather thongs • Braccae – breeches of barbarians • later adopted by Roman Army • made of leather

  9. Caligae/Boots • heavy, hob-nailed leather boots/sandals • ¾ inch thick • Cloth or fur stuffed inside

  10. Paenulae (Cloaks) and Paludamentum (Cloak or cape) • Paenulae/ Cloak • Yellow-brown • Represented shades of undyed wool • Centurions may have worn red • wool • Paludamentum/ Cloak or Cape • Worn over the cuirass by military officers • draped over left shoulder and wound around left arm • Generals wore red cloaks

  11. Bronze with iron skull cap lined with leather or cloth Small peak jutted out in front Plate extended downwards at back to protect neck Hinged cheek pieces at sides No plume, but horsehair flowing out of top Galea (Helmet)

  12. Scutum (Shield) • Four feet by two and a half feet • Rectangular/ Oval Shield with protruding boss • Wood, hide, and canvas glued/bound with iron and with an iron boss • Bore insignia of legion on outer face • Carried in left arm • Equipped with 2 leather straps

  13. Pilum (Javelin) • Legionnaires carried 2 pila • 2 types of pila (heavy and light) • Large iron head or blade • Hurled from the hand as a javelin or used like a bayonet used to beat down hostile attacks • Heavy, 7 foot, 1/3 iron spear

  14. Gladius (Sword) • Spanish sword • Short (about 22 inches long or 2 feet), straight, uniform width, double edged blade • Worn on right side on the cingulum (belt) or the balteus (baldric) • Leather or wooden scabbard, reinforced with leather at top and bottom • 2 inch wide blade for stabbing • Bone handle • Iron blade

  15. Pugio (Dagger) • Worn on right/ left side • Used for closest hand-to-hand conflict • Used in case of loss of sword • Used as a knife • Bulbous handle • Blade had long tip

  16. Slingers Employed by army Bullets made of stone, baked clay, or lead

  17. Legionary

  18. Legionary

  19. Centurion

  20. Centurion

  21. Optio

  22. Equites

  23. Signifer

  24. Aquilifer

  25. Music Cornu – trumpet which curves around body Tuba – straight trumpet flares gradually through whole length Bucina – narrow, cylindrical, straight trumpet, flaring out only close to the bell Lituus – trumpet with gentle curve

  26. Musicians 3 types Cornicines Tubicines Bucinares Instruments made of bronze

  27. Cornicines

  28. Tuba et Tubicines

  29. Bucina et Bucinares

  30. Lituus

  31. Tribunus Militum

  32. Praefectus

  33. Bibliography Bishop, M. C., and J. C. N. Coulston. Roman Military Equipment: From the Punic Wars to the Fall of Rome. B.T. Batsford Ltd.: Trafalgar Square Publishing, 1993. Blacklock, Dyan. The Roman Army: The Legendary Soldiers Who Created an Empire (Booklist Editor's Choice. Books for Youth (Awards)). New York: Walker Books for Young Readers, 2004. Croom, A.T.. Roman Clothing and Fashion. New Ed ed. Stroud: Tempus, 2002. Davenport, Millia. THE BOOK OF COSTUME VOLUME 1. New York: Crown Publishers, 1948. Davison, Betsy. Shields of Ancient Rome in Art and History. San Diego: Malter-Westerfield Publishing Co., 1969. Feugere, Michael. Weapons of the Romans. Stroud: Tempus, 2002. Grant, Michael. The Army of the Caesars. New York: M. Evans And Company, 1992. Keppie, Lawrence.. THE MAKING OF THE ROMAN ARMY FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE.. London: Batsford, 1984. Lacombe, P.. Arms and Armour in Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Medieval Military Library). Combined Books Ed ed. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 1996. Oakeshott, Ewart. The Archaeology of Weapons: Arms and Armour from Prehistory to the Age of Chivalry. Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 1994. Peterson, D. The Roman Legions Recreated In Color Photographs (Europa Militaria). Marlborough: Crowood, 1999. Roman Military Equipment: The Accoutrements of War (BAR international series). London: British Archaeological Reports, 1987. Simkins, Michael. Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan (Men-at-arms). Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1974. Southern, Pat. The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006. Speidel, Michael. Roman army studies. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1984. Watson, G. R.. The Roman Soldier (Aspects of Greek and Roman Life). Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.

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