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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Chapter 8.3. Animal. Mitochondria. Plant. Cellular Respiration. Catabolic pathway Organic sugars are broken down to release energy for the cell Electrons are used for energy (opposite of photosynthesis). C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration Chapter 8.3

  2. Animal Mitochondria Plant

  3. Cellular Respiration • Catabolic pathway • Organic sugarsarebroken down to release energy for the cell • Electrons are used for energy • (opposite of photosynthesis) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

  4. Question • Which cell organelle makes energy available to the rest of the cell? • Mitocondria – energy powerhouse

  5. Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Anaerobic: Does not require oxygen Aerobic: Requires oxygen

  6. Mitochondria Intermembrane space Outer membrane Inner membrane Matrix

  7. Glycolysis • What are the reactants in this process? • Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+ and 4 ADP • What are the products of this process? • 2 ADP, 2 NADH, 4 ATP, and 2 pyruvates

  8. Glycolysis • Overall Purpose: • Initial break down of GLUCOSE to release energy • Produces ATP and NADH molecules for energy storage • Takes place in the…. • CYTOPLASM • Reactants: • Glucose • (ADP & NAD+) • Products: • Two PYRUVATE molecules • (ATP & NADH)

  9. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Overall Purpose: • In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide (CO2) • Collect energized electrons to pass to the electron transport chain (NADH/FADH2 carriers) • Takes place in the…. • MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX • Reactants: • Pyruvate • (ADP, NAD+, & FAD) • Products: • CO2 • (ATP, NADH, & FADH2)

  10. Electron Transport • Overall Purpose: • High-energy electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH and FADH2 are used to convert ADP to ATP • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed to the electron transport chain • Oxygen picks up the electrons (and hydrogen) to make water • Hydrogen ions flow through ATP synthase to make ATP • Takes place in the…. • INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE • Reactants: • (NADH & FADH2) • Oxygen • Products: • (NAD & FAD) • Water • ATP!!!!!

  11. What about bacteria? • Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) don’t have mitochondria… • Electron transport takes place in the cell membrane!

  12. Mr. Anderson’s Podcast (Bozemanbiology): • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M

  13. Anaerobic Respiration • Cells can function for a short time with little oxygen • Cells continue to produce ATP through glycolysis • Glycolysis only produces a small amount of ATP • Limited by the availability of NAD+ • Anaerobic respiration that follows glycolysis is called fermentation • Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm • Two types of fermentation: • Lactic acid fermentation • Alcohol fermentation

  14. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Enzymes convert pyruvate from glycolysis to lactic acid • Transfer of electrons from NADH • Skeletal muscles produce lactic acid when there is not enough oxygen • Bacteria make lactic acid in the production of cheese, yogurt, and sour cream from milk

  15. Alcohol Fermentation • Occurs in yeast and some bacteria • Pyruvate is converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide • NADH transfers electrons

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