Fight for the West

1. America West: Chapter 13 Fight for the West

2. Buffalo Used For: • FOOD • Clothing • Shoes • Shelter • Supplies

3. Destruction 1800 1894 60 million 25 Why?

4. Your Turn… (439) • Settlements reduce grazing and cut off migration routes • Settlers livestock carried diseases • US government encourages destruction • Hunting Buffalo for sport • HIDES for high fashion • Railroad expansion What caused the buffalo catastrophe?

5. Indian Wars • Skim pages 440-442 and complete the chart. For each conflict, be sure to describe key players and the end result.

6. The Indian Wars Army troops attacked and massacred surrendering Cheyenne. Congressional investigators condemned the Army actions, but no one was punished in the Sand Creek Massacre. Sand Creek Massacre After the massacre, Cheyenne and Sioux stepped up their raids.The Sioux attacked a supply wagon and killed an entire troop of soldiers. Bozeman Trail George Armstrong Custer led his troops in headlong battle against Sitting Bull and lost. The Battle of the Little Bighorn was a temporary victory for the Sioux. The U.S. government was determined to put down the threat to settlers. The Battle of the Little Bighorn

7. The Indian Wars The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon ended the Indian Wars on the southern Plains. With their ponies killed and food stores destroyed, surviving Comanches moved onto the reservation. Palo Duro Canyon The Ghost Dance was a religious movement that inspired hope among suffering Native Americans. Newspapers began suggesting that this signaled a planned uprising. The military killed Sitting Bull while attempting to arrest him in a skirmish. The Ghost Dance The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred the day after the surrender. Shooting began after a gun went off, and the fleeing Sioux were massacred. This action marked the end of the bloody conflict between the army and the Plains Indians. Wounded Knee

8. Resistance in the Northwest The government took back nine-tenths of the Nez Percé land when gold miners and settlers came into the area. Fourteen years later they were ordered to abandon the last bit of that land to move into Idaho. Chief Joseph tried to take his people into Canada, but the army forced their surrender less than forty miles from the Canadian border. Chief Joseph and many others were eventually sent to northern Washington. Resistance in the Southwest The Apache people were moved onto a reservation near the Gila River in Arizona. Soldiers forcefully stopped a religious gathering there, and Geronimo and others fled the reservation. They raided settlements along the Arizona-Mexico border for years before finally being captured in 1886. Geronimo and his followers were sent to Florida as prisoners of war. His surrender marked the end of armed resistance in the area. Resistance Ends in the West

9. Reservations • Americanization (1870) • To eliminate all aspects of Indian culture. • Bureau of Indian Affairs was in charge of making sure Indians adopted American culture by sending them to schools and forcing them to live on reservations. • Dawes Act (1887) • Broke up reservations and gave land to individual Indians • Government sold much of the farmable land gave the less productive land to Indians.

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