Proper Noun--Races

1. Anglo Saxons Skills and Principles Group 1 Proper Noun--Races A proper noun is a noun that refers to a specific person, place or thing. It is capitalized. The names of races are proper nouns. Split Infinitives In English, an infinitive is a verb form created from the word to and the verb. For example, the infinitive of run is to run. Splitting an infinitive means putting a word between the to and the verb. Since one cannot literally split an infinitive in Latin (amare=to love with the -are making the verb an infinitive), this has become a rule in English. to swiftly run is incorrect to run swiftly is correct

2. The Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense (also known as the pluperfect) is used to show that one action in the past occurred before another action in the past. It is formed by adding the auxiliary verb had before the main verb. For example, if Myron called his mother before he told his friends she had said he couldn't go to the concert, you would use the past perfect tense for the verb about Myron calling his mother: Myron had called his mother and then told his friends he could not go to the concert. If the past perfect requires two had's as in "Myron had had to go to the concert because his mother forced him to go," do not put a comma between the two had's. Sequence of Verb Tenses In a sentence with two clauses, the verbs must show simultaneous occurrence or sequence of occurrence. If one verb is in the past and another verb occurred before it, the verb that occurred first needs to be in the pluperfect or past perfect tense (using the helping verbs had, has etcetera). Because she had murdered him, Myron did not come to Sally's party. NOT Because she murdered him, Myron did not come to Sally's party.

3. Group 2 Relative Pronouns When referring to people, use who, whom or whose. Use who to refer to people that are subjects, whom to refer to people that are objects and whose to refer to people who are possessing something. When referring to things, use which (preceded by a comma) in clauses that are not important to the main meaning of the sentence. Never use which to refer to people because this implies that the person is an object rather than a human being. When referring to things, use that (not preceded by a comma) to refer to things in clauses that are important to the main meaning of the sentence. Commonly Confused Words: Between and Among Use between when there are two elements. Use among when there are more than two elements. Use of Hyphens with Compound Nouns Use a hyphen to join two or more words serving as a single noun. Frank is terrified of his mother-in-law.

4. Commonly Confused Words: Accept versus Except Accept means to receive something. Except means other than __________. Indefinite Pronoun: Everything Everything is singular and thus takes a singular verb. Everything remind me of my dog. Incorrect Everything reminds me of my dog. Correct

5. Group 3 Irregular Past Participle: Begun Most past participles are formed directly from the past tense of the verb. I passed the town. I have passed the town. Some past participles are irregular. Begun is an irregular past participle. Myron began the reign of terror quietly. Myron has began the reign of terror quietly. Incorrect Myron has begun the reign of terror quietly. Correct Dangling Modifiers Modifiers give additional information. They need to be close to the word or words that they modify. A dangling modifier is a modifier that does not seem to modify anything. To correct this error, the sentence in which it appears needs to be rearranged or rewritten entirely. Double subject Do not use a pronoun directly after its antecedent as the subject of a sentence. Antecedent is the noun or pronoun to which the pronoun refers. Tina sheate the entire raw steak. Incorrect Tinaate the entire raw steak. Correct

6. Active Voice versus Passive Voice Active voice has the subject doing something to the object. Passive voice has something being done to the subject by an unknown agent or by something in the prepositional phrase by _______________.Use active voice as much as possible. Only use passive when you have a specific reason. The badger was eaten by the hungry class. Passive The hungry class ate the badger. Active

7. Group 4 Punctuation inside Quotation Marks When a period or comma follows a word, phrase or sentence enclosed in quotation marks, the period or comma is located inside the quotation marks. Run-on Sentence: Comma Splice Run-on sentences happen when there are two independent clauses not separated by any form of punctuation at all or by an incorrect form such as a comma by itself. Comma splices are a type of run-on sentence that happens when there are two independent clauses separated only by a comma. The error can be corrected by adding a conjunction after the comma, a period, a semicolon, or a colon to separate the two sentences. Commas in a Series When one has a group of elements that are coordinate and in series, there must be commas between the elements. The comma before the conjunction and the final element is optional and is called an "Oxford comma.“ We bought a dog, a sled, a cat and a pound of venison. We bought a dog, a sled, a cat, and a pound of venison. (This sentence includes the "Oxford comma.")

8. Group 5 Numbers at the Beginning of a Sentence Spell out numbers that occur at the beginning of a sentence. Do not begin sentences using numerals. Unclear Antecedent An antecedent is the noun to which a pronoun refers. If the antecedent is unclear-difficult to decide the noun to which the pronoun refers-correct the pronoun by using a specific noun in its place. Comma after Introductory Phrases Use a comma after a phrase that introduces a sentence. Commonly Confused Words: Its versus It's Its means belonging to it. It'smeansit is his NOT hi's he's = he is her NOThe'r she's = she is its NOT it's it's = it is

9. Subordinate Clause A subordinate clause--sometimes called a dependent clause--will begin with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun and will contain both a subject and a verb. This combination of words will not form a complete sentence. It will, instead, make a reader want additional information to finish the thought. If it comes at the beginning of the sentence, put a comma after it. If it comes at the end of a sentence, do not put a comma before it.

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