EOC Review: Government

1. EOC Review: Government

2. #1.13: The student understands the spatial characteristics of a variety of political units A) Interpret maps to explain the division of land, including man-made materials & natural borders, into separate political units such as cities, states or countries B) Compare maps of voting patterns or political boundaries to make inferences the distribution of power.

3. Why do we have government? Political Power- The power to control or force behavior. Political Region/Political Unit- The area that a government controls. Sovereignty/Sovereign Government- Government that is not subject to any higher governmental authority

4. Levels of government • When there is a clash between local or state government, the national government is supreme!

5. Political Boundaries Governments set up clear boundaries & exercise their power within these boundaries, creating political units Political maps show political units (countries) & their borders Political power is distributed spatially within a political region or unit How are borders determined? Physical Features (like rivers, mountains, lakes, seas, and oceans) Historical Circumstances or Political Agreement Many examples of how borders have changed over time due to conquest/war, treaties, wars, purchases, etc.

6. 1.14: The student understands the processes that influence political divisions, relationships & policies B) Compare how democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countries C) analyze the human & physical factors that influence the power to control territory & resources, create conflict/war, and impact international political relations of sovereign nations such as China, US, Japan & Russia and organized nation groups such as the United Nations (UN) & European Union (EU)

7. Autocracy Single person has all the power Oldest and most common Get power from inheritance, or force (military, police) Two types: Totalitarian Dictatorship Monarchy

8. Autocracy Totalitarian Dictatorship Controls all aspects of society & economy People have no say, no power to limit ruler’s actions Ex’s: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Kim Jong Un

9. Autocracy Monarchy Absolute monarch (king/queen) has all power Typically inherited Ex’s: Saudi Arabia Constitutional monarch shares power with legislative branch Ex’s: UK, Japan

10. Oligarchy Small group of people who hold power Gets power by wealth, military, social position, religion Mostly in communist countries Leaders of communist party Most opposition is suppressed

11. Democracy Leaders rule with consent of the people (popular sovereignty) Comes from Greek words ‘demos’=people, and ‘kratia’=rule Two types: Direct Representative

12. Democracy Direct- citizens vote and decide on all issues directly No country has direct Can only occur in small groups Representative- citizens elect reps to make decisions based on their needs Republics have ALL* officials elected Ex’s: USA, France, UK UK is a democracy with a constitutional monarch

13. Representative Democracy: a little more detail Parliamentary Monarchy: United Kingdom A hereditary is the head of state, but works with an elected parliament (group) who makes laws Republic People elect all representatives (Congress!), but these representatives make important decisions/laws for them • Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom • UK = Great Britain + Northern Ireland • GB = England, Scotland & Wales President Barack Obama of the United States of America

14. Balance of Power There is a constant competition for international power. The goal: equal balance Several factors influence how much power an individual nation actually has: Size of a country (area) Population of a country Education level (influences eco. Development) How large & well-equipped the army is Physical features (& resources!) Productivity of the country’s economy U.S., China, Russia & Japan come to mind as having a huge amount of influence on the world

15. “Associations” of countries that influence national relations United Nations (UN) Organization of all of the sovereign states of the world Founded after WWII Goals: Promote peace Prevent war Encourage development of all nations All members belong to General Assembly Only a few belong to the UN Security Council: U.S, China, Russia, Britain, France Power to send UN peace-keeping forces out of area of conflict

16. European Union (EU) Economic & political union of European member states Goal: Common currency (Euro) Free movement of people & goods from country to country

17. #1.15: Citizenship The student understands how different points of view influence the development of public policies and decision-making processes on local, state, national, and international levels A) Identify and give examples of different points of view that influence the development of public policies and decision-making processes on local, state, national, and international levels B) Explain how citizenship practices, public policies, and decision making may be influenced by cultural beliefs, including nationalism and patriotism.

18. How POVs affect government decisions: Government policy consists of a series of decisions & actions on a particular issue or topic Different points of view frequently influence the development of public policies & decisions Local, state & national governments Cultural beliefs (nationalism & patriotism) influence citizenship practices, public policies & decision-making processes Different points of view also affect policies & decision-making at the international level, between nations.

19. Governments often make decisions using a decision-making process… 1- Identify/Define the problem 2- Gather Information 3- List Options 4- Consider Advantages and Disadvantages of EACH option 5- Choose/Implement your solution (TAKE ACTION) 6- Evaluate the Effectiveness of your choice (happens later.

20. Nationalism vs. Patriotism Nationalism Belief that each people or ethnic group, known as a nation, should have its own government and nation-state Usually leads to violence against those that seem to prevent a group from getting their own sovereignty. Patriotism Loyalty and support for one’s country. It is the belief that citizens should obey their country’s laws and rally to its defense. Look at what happened after 9/11…people were volunteering to go fight for our freedom. Look at what happens in the Olympics or World Cup