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Carbon

Carbon. Ch 4. Chemistry of Life. Organic Chemistry – study of carbon compds. C atoms are versatile building blocks bonding properties…complexity/diversity to living matter 4 stable covalent bonds p50-51 Fig 4.2, 4.4. Hydrocarbons. Combinations of C and H Non-polar Hydrophobic

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Carbon

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  1. Carbon Ch 4

  2. Chemistry of Life Organic Chemistry – study of carbon compds • C atoms are versatile building blocks • bonding properties…complexity/diversity to living matter • 4 stable covalent bonds • p50-51 Fig 4.2, 4.4

  3. Hydrocarbons • Combinations of C and H • Non-polar • Hydrophobic • Store lg amts of energy • stable • very little attraction between molecules Methane

  4. Variations in C - Skeleton

  5. Isomers • Same molecular formula but different • structures (shapes) • -different chemical properties and • biological functions 6 carbons 6 carbons 6 carbons

  6. Structural Isomers – differ in arrangements of atoms Geometric Isomers – variation in arrangement about a double bond Enantiomers – variation in spatial Arrangement around an asymmetric carbon…molecules that are mirror images Thalidomide stereoisomers

  7. Functional Groups • Parts of organic molecules that are involved in chemical reactions • give organic molecules distinctive properties hydroxylamino carbonylsulfhydryl carboxylphosphate • Affect reactivity • makes hydrocarbonshydrophilic • increase solubility in water

  8. Why do Functional Groups Matter? • Basic structure of male & female hormones is identical • identical carbon skeleton • attachment of different functional groups • interact with different targets in the body • different effects

  9. Hydroxyl • –OH = alcohols • names typically end in -ol • ethanol

  10. Carbonyl • C=O • if C=O at end molecule = aldehyde • if C=O in middle of molecule = ketone • Emma is awesome

  11. Carboxyl • –COOH • compounds with COOH = acids • fatty acids • amino acids

  12. Amino • -NH2 • compounds with NH2 = amines • amino acids • NH2 acts as base • ammonia picks up H+ from solution

  13. Sulfhydryl • –SH • compounds with SH = thiols • SH groups stabilize the structure of proteins

  14. Phosphate • –PO4 • connects to C through an O • lots of O = lots of negative charge • highly reactive • transfers energy between organic molecules • ATP, GTP, etc.

  15. Functional Groups Excellent Flash Tutorial http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/biology/supplements/functional-group/

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