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Cell Organelles

Biology 1a ( cell membrane), 1c ( eukaryotic cell structure) 1f (chloroplast), 1g (mitochondria). Cell Organelles. Why study cells?. Cells  Tissues  Organs  Bodies bodies are made up of cells cells do all the work of life!. Organelles. Organelles do the work of cells

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Cell Organelles

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  1. Biology 1a ( cell membrane), 1c ( eukaryotic cell structure) 1f (chloroplast), 1g (mitochondria) Cell Organelles

  2. Why study cells? • Cells  Tissues  Organs  Bodies • bodies are made up of cells • cells do all the work of life!

  3. Organelles • Organelles do the work of cells • each structure has a job to do • keeps the cell alive; keeps you alive They’re likemini-organs! Model Animal Cell

  4. The Jobs of Cells • Cells have 3 main jobs • make energy • need energy for all activities • need to clean up waste produced while making energy • make proteins • proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them • make more cells • for growth • to replace damaged or diseased cells Our organellesdo all thesejobs!

  5. 1. Cells need power! • Making energy • to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must… • take in food & digest it • take in oxygen (O2) • make ATP • remove waste • organelles that do this work… • lysosomes • vacuoles & vesicles • mitochondria ATP

  6. Vacuoles & vesicles • Function • moving material around cell • storage • Structure • membrane sac small foodparticle vacuole filled w/ digestive enzymes vesicle vesicle filled w/ digested nutrients

  7. food vacuole central vacuole contractilevacuole Food & water storage plant cells animal cells

  8. Lysosomes • Function • digest food • used to make energy • clean up & recycle • digest broken organelles • Structure • membrane sac of digestive enzymes lysosomes digesting brokenorganelles vacuole small foodparticle digesting food

  9. Mitochondria • Function • make ATP energy from cellular respiration • sugar + O2 ATP • fuels the work of life • Structure • double membrane ATP in both animal & plant cells

  10. mitochondria chloroplast Mitochondria are in both cells!! animal cells plant cells

  11. Plants make energy two ways! ATP • Mitochondria • make energy from sugar + O2 • cellular respiration • sugar + O2  ATP • Chloroplasts • make energy + sugar from sunlight • photosynthesis • sunlight + CO2 ATP & sugar • ATP = active energy • sugar = stored energy • build leaves & roots & fruit out of the sugars sugar ATP

  12. ***Cell membrane phosphate“head” • Function • separates cell from outside • controls what enters or leaves cell • O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste • recognizes signals from other cells • allows communication between cells • Structure • double layer of fat • phospholipidbilayer • receptor molecules • proteins lipid “tail”

  13. 2. Cells need workers = proteins! • Making proteins • to run daily life & growth, the cell must… • read genes (DNA) • build proteins • structural proteins (muscle fibers, hair, skin, claws) • enzymes (speed up chemical reactions) • signals (hormones) & receptors • organelles that do this work… • nucleus • ribosomes • endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Golgi apparatus

  14. Proteins do all the work! one of the major job of cells is to make proteins, because… proteins do all the work! structural enzymes signals receptors DNA proteins cells

  15. Nucleus • Function • control center of cell • protects DNA • instructions for building proteins • Structure • nuclear membrane • nucleolus • ribosome factory • chromosomes • DNA

  16. Ribosomes • Function • protein factories • read instructions to build proteins from DNA • Structure • some free in cytoplasm • some attached to ER Ribosomes on ER

  17. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Function • works on proteins • helps complete the proteins after ribosome builds them • makes membranes • Structure • rough ER • ribosomes attached • works on proteins • smooth ER • makes membranes

  18. Golgi Apparatus • Function • finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins • like UPS headquarters • shipping & receiving department • ships proteins in vesicles • “UPS trucks” • Structure • membrane sacs vesicles carrying proteins transport vesicles

  19. TO: TO: TO: endoplasmicreticulum nucleus proteinon its way! DNA RNA vesicle vesicle ribosomes TO: protein finishedprotein Golgi apparatus Making Proteins

  20. 3. Cells need to make more cells! • Making more cells • to replace, repair & grow, the cell must… • copy their DNA • make extra organelles • divide the new DNA & new organelles between 2 new “daughter” cells • organelles that do this work… • nucleus • centrioles

  21. Centrioles • Function • help coordinate cell division • only in animal cells • Structure • one pair in each cell

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