Project: IEEEP802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN)

1. Project: IEEEP802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN) Submission Title: [Study on mm wave propagation characteristics to realize WPANs ] Date Submitted:[March 2004] Revised: [] Source: [Akira Akeyama & see slide 2] Company [NTT Advanced Technology Corp.] Address [3-9-11, Midori-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-0012, Japan] Voice [+81(422) 51-9811], Fax [+81(422) 56-7676], E-mail [akeyama@kana.ntt-at.co.jp] Re: [Millimeter wave propagation characteristics] Abstract: [60 and 70GHz-bands propagation characteristics in indoor environment are presented in this document ] Purpose: [Contribute to mm wave interest group for WPANs] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual or organization. The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor reserves the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. Study on mm wave propagation characteristicsin indoor environment The following individuals support this proposal as co-authors: Toshiyuki Hirose (Siemens k.k.) Kouichi Sakamoto (Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Ami Kanazawa (Communications Research Laboratory)

3. Study on mm wave propagation characteristics to realize WPANs 60GHz-Band is expected to realize a very high rate transmission system. In this document, several propagation characteristics are presented for the promotion of new system proposals. Content ￭ Indoor propagation loss characteristics ￭ Level fluctuation caused by human movements ￭ Delay spread in indoor environments This measurement results are a summary of the experimental works done in a collaboration research project for Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc communication in YRP.

4. Propagation Path Image オフィス Train/Bus Conference Office Home/Cafeteria

5. Measurement Parameters 60GHz band 70GHz band Frequency 62.5GHz 70GHz Tx Power 2 dBm Polarity V Plane Horn Antenna Antenna Gain 10ｄBi(60°), 16(30°), 22(15°) Antenna Height 100ｃｍ TESTEquipment Vector Network Analyzer Indoor propagation characters are affected by furnishing, furniture and PC tools. Propagation loss and Delay-Distance characteristics in both LOS and NLOS are presented.

6. Propagation Loss in a Home Environment ：propagation loss ：propagation distance ：free space propagation loss ：transparency loss of each wall Room 2 Room 3 Wall 2 Room 1 Room 1 Wall 1 Wall 1 Wall 1 Room 2 Wall 2 ２ ３ ４ ５ Kitchen Room 3 Living room An example of propagation at 60GHz loss in a home environment

7. Complex permittivity measuring system Transmitter Antenna Receiver Antenna Wooden made Arch Incident Angle θ θ θ Material under Test Radius 1m 1 Reference Plane Adjuster Styrene Foam Absorber To calculate the reflection and transmission characteristics from/through the building material, the complex permittivity of construction materials are indispensable.

8. Reflection and Transparency Coefficient 0 -5 -10 -15 Transparency loss [dB] Plaster board (Ceiling material) -20 -25 -30 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Frequency [GHz]

9. Complex Permittivity Construction Material 62GHz 70GHz A Glass (Normal type) 6.24-0.17i 6.16-0.13i B Glass (Infrared absorption type) 6.43-0.15i 6.45-0.16i C Glass (Infrared reflection type) 6.30-0.15i 6.14-1.67i D Glass (with wire netting) 6.08-1.27i 6.25-0.17i E Plaster board (Wall) 2.17-0.01i 2.66-0.02i F Plaster board (Ceiling) 2.48-0.03i 2.43-0.04i G Marble（Bianco carrara） 7.90-0.05i 7.40-0.04i H Granite (Caledonia) 4.85-1.42i 4.49-1.29i I Granite (Zimbabwe black) 6.75-0.52i 7.00-0.50i J Lawn of grass (Dry) 1.00-0.004i 1.00-0.006i K Lawn of grass (Wet) 1.00-0.004i 1.00-0.006i A-F: Actual value calculated by Reflection coefficient and Transparency coefficient G-K: Effective value calculated by only Reflection coefficient

10. Furniture’s Existence Probability Air-conditioner Bookcase Wardrobe Shelf Rack

11. Transparency Loss of Furniture Measured：６０GHｚ band

12. Propagation Characteristics above the Desk Surface Height pattern

13. Received Power Level Fluctuation -LOS- Fading range Cumulative probability [%]

14. 10 0 h=2.05m -10 -20 Relative level (dB) -30 -40 f:70.0GHz ht,hr:1.05m -50 Ant.:Horn(15deg) d:7.3m -60 one person goes across the LoS -70 h=1.05m 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time (sec) LoS path Measurement Scenery

15. The Total Fade Duration per Hour 400 offices 350 exhibition hall Mean fade duration 300 250 Ti：Total fade duration B : Average body size v : Walking speed of persons N : The number of path interruption 200 The path interruption occurrence in hour (N) 150 100 N=260Dp 50 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 The number of persons per square meter (Dp)

16. Delay Spread -Office- Tx60°Rx30° Tx60°Rx60° Tx60°Rx15° Tx60°Rx30° Tx60°Rx60° LOS NLOS

17. Delay Spread -Cafeteria- 8 Freq.:70GHz Antenna BW : 15° BW : 60° Delay Spread (ns) NLoS 6 4 2 0 0 4 8 2 6 Distance (m)

18. Delay Spread -Train Environment- Tx Rx Delay Profile Delay Spread

19. Summary ・Propagation loss Total loss = Free space loss + Obstacle loss Obstacle loss and complex permittivity were measured Path above the desk : Clear height pattern was observed ・Level fluctuation due to human movements LOS : Fading range (10%-90%) was about 1dB NLOS : Path interruption rate was measured ・Delay spread in indoor environments LOS (NLOS) : RMS delay spread < 10ns (Directional Ant.)

20. Reference [1]T.Suzuki, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(9)RMS Delay Measurements In Indoor Radio Channels-“TSMMW2002,p-9(2002-03) [2]N.Sakamoto, et al, “Indoor propagation Experiment at 60GHz and 70GHz-A study of propagation characteristic in an office environment-“ TECNICAL REPORT OF IEICE.RCS2002-3001,pp157-162(2003-03) [3]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ-(4) (4)Receiving Power Time Variation Characteristics in 70GHz Band Indoor Propagation–“ TSMMW2003,2-4,(2003-03)  [4]F.Ohkubo, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ-(5)Statistical characteristic of shadowing loss due to human movement –“ TSMMW2003,2-5,(2003-03) [5]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(8)60GHz Band propagation Loss Characteristics Along the Surface of Wooden/Metallic Desk Planes-“ TSMMW2002,p-8(2002-03) [6]T.Hirose, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(7) Strict Solution of Fresnel Zone Radius and Visibility Estimation-“ TSMMW2002,p-8(2002-03)

21. Continue [7]A.Akeyama, et al, “Propagation Characteristics in Indoor Environments” 2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology (TCWCT2003) [8] A. Kanazawa, D. Ushiki, and H. Ogawa,"Practical Propagation Measurements for Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System",WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 507-511, Oct. 2003. [9] A. Kanazawa, N. Sakamoto, and H. Ogawa,"Propagation Measurements for Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System in a train",WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 512-516, Oct. 2003. [10] F. Ohkubo, N. Ida, A.. Akeyama, A. Kanazawa, H, Ogawa, “A Study on Shadowing Characteristics in Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless Access System” ClimDiff 2003 Fortaleza Brazil, Statistical and Fundamental Modeling of Radio wave Propagation in Wireless Systems Diff.22 1-7, Nov. 2003 [11] A. Kanazawa, H. Ogawa, K. Sakamoto, S. Tago, F. Ohkubo, M. Ida, A. Akeyama, N. Kuribayashi, and T. Hirose,"Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Construction Materials at 62 GHz and 70 GHz",IEICE, Vol.J87-B, No.3, To be published at Mar. 2004. [1２]F. Ohkubo, M. Ida, A. Akeyama, A. Kanazawa, and H. Ogawa, ” Millimeter-Wave Ad Hoc Wireless Access System Ⅲ -(7) A Study on Fade Duration in Exhibition Halls-”, TSMMW2004, (2004-02).