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Ultrasound Imaging Capability for Otologic Surgical Drills

Ultrasound Imaging Capability for Otologic Surgical Drills. Julianna Ianni Meher Juttukonda David Morris Advisor: Dr. Jadrien Young, M.D. What is Otologic Surgery?. Surgery of the ear Mastoidectomy Mastoid air-filled spaces behind the ear Uses to remove cells from the mastoid

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Ultrasound Imaging Capability for Otologic Surgical Drills

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  1. Ultrasound Imaging Capability for Otologic Surgical Drills JuliannaIanni MeherJuttukonda David Morris Advisor: Dr. Jadrien Young, M.D.

  2. What is Otologic Surgery? • Surgery of the ear • Mastoidectomy • Mastoid • air-filled spaces behind the ear • Uses • to remove cells from the mastoid • to treat anti-biotic resistant infections in the region • to insert a cochlear implant • 30,000 to 60,000 performed annually in the U.S. [1]

  3. Anatomy of the Ear

  4. Mastoidectomy Clip

  5. Objectives • To find and attach an ultrasound transducer to an otologic surgical drill. • To calculate the thickness of the mastoid bone using US • To shut off the drill when the mastoid bone has been drilled or provide the surgeon with enough information to stop at the correct distance.

  6. Why Ultrasound?

  7. Past Work • Studied ultrasound equipment in order to determine the most effective way to produce accurate images • Researched the best transducer frequency for imaging that region of the skull • Developed the website • Observed use of otologic drills & identify design constraints • Identified potential design obstacles • Generated design ideas concerning mechanism of attachment • Restructured design goals focusing more on finding an ultrasound transducer compatible with an otologic drill. • Performed some proof of concept tests for ultrasound depth measurements through bone.

  8. Solidworks Prototype Side View Top View Bottom View

  9. The Prototype • The ultrasound transducer is placed so that it allows for the surgeon to quickly move the transducer into place to perform quick ultrasound scans. • When not in use the transducer can be moved back out of the way and will allow the surgeon to quickly return to work. • This set up allows for the surgeon to work quickly and prevents them from wasting a lot of time during surgery while also adding a safer means of cutting through the bones.

  10. Model of Mastoid • Bone -> Acrylic • Speed of Sound = 2750 m/s [4] • Soft Tissue -> Gel • Speed of Sound ~ 1540 m/s

  11. Analysis of Simulation

  12. Results of simulation • (gradient plots matched well w/ built-in edge detection) • Worked really well with 1 layer of acrylic: • Actual thickness= 2.03mm • Measured thickness= 2.23mm w/o tissue & 2.35mm w/tissue • For 4MHz: 2.13mm & 2.23mm respectively • Want accuracy w/in 1mm

  13. Multiple layers of acrylic? • Harder to read • Multiple peaks (including ones at the correct thickness) • Not as distinct from noise • Able to discern correct peaks knowing thickness, but can’t back them out just from data • Most likely due to small air-pockets between layers of acrylic • caused more echoes & attenuation @ ea. intersection

  14. Multiple layers y-gradient amplitude • Example with 2 layers of acrylic • (total thickness= 4.06mm) • w/tissue layer • 8.89MHz Depth(cm)

  15. Statistics

  16. Future Work • Getting transducers in & testing (high frequency and low frequency) • building prototype & attachment for drill • calibrating/signal processing and analysis

  17. References • 1. French, LC et al. “An estimate of the number of mastoidectomy procedures performed annually in the United States”. Ear Nose Throat J. 2008 May; 87(5): 267-70. • 2. Ear Anatomy: http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/1092.htm • 3. Clement, GT et. Al. “Correlation of Ultrasound Phase with Physical Skull Properties”. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. 2002 May; 28(5): 617-624. • 4. http://www.signal-processing.com/tech/us_data_plastic.htm

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