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Chapter 7- Mobile and Wi-Fi Networks

Chapter 7- Mobile and Wi-Fi Networks. Taking signals on and off the air Connections to other networks Need to manage spectrum Managing and billing for services Connections to: voice mail, collaboration, instant messaging. Taking Signals on and off Airwaves. Cellular base stations.

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Chapter 7- Mobile and Wi-Fi Networks

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  1. Chapter 7- Mobile and Wi-Fi Networks Taking signals on and off the air Connections to other networks Need to manage spectrum Managing and billing for services Connections to: voice mail, collaboration, instant messaging

  2. Taking Signals on and off Airwaves Cellular base stations Wi-Fi access points Access point & antenna Compatibility with 802.11a,b,c n and other Wi-Fi protocols Translates Wi-Fi protocols to Ethernet LAN protocols & vice versa Wired connection to LAN backbone Security functions • Base station & antenna • Compatibility with Air interfaces – LTE, 3G • Translates air interfaces to landline protocols & vice versa • Connections to mobile core wired or microwave backhaul

  3. LTE • Modified for data • All IP • 30 to 40% more capacity Evolved packet core Fourth Generation Architecture Long Term Evolution (LTE) PGW* SGW* MME* EnodeB EnodeB EnodeB * SGW – Serving gateway * MME – Mobility management entity * PGW – Packet data network gateway Bearer channels for user data Signaling channels Radio access network

  4. Core, Base Stations and Increasing Capacity Functions in the core Functions in base stations Translating between the radio frequency wireless signals and the wireline backhaul network Connections to the backhaul network • Databases for: roaming, billing, voice mail • Security • Signaling • Connections to other mobile networks, the PSTN and the Internet • Keeping track of traffic & congestion • Balancing traffic between base stations if there's congestion • Adding capacity • Add more cell sites • Upgrade to higher, newer protocols – 3G & 4G • Add more powerful orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) antennas

  5. Backhaul consists of access and aggregation networks Aggregation & Access in Backhaul Networks Core network Aggregation network Access Networks Controllers for 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation services at the edge of the core. 4th generation security, other services and connections to the Internet & public switched network in the core.

  6. Spectrum • What is it? • Wavelength • Low frequencies - longer wavelengths • Higher frequencies - shorter wavelengths Higher frequency wavelengths Lower frequency wavelengths

  7. Pre – 4th Generation Air Interfaces • AT&T & T-Mobile • HSPA+ (High speed packet access plus) • AT&T installing LTE • Verizon, Sprint, China Mobile & MetroPCS • LTE • TD-LTE (China Mobile trialing) • Sprint Nextel • Changing from WiMAX to TD-LTE • What is the impact of 4G on Internet access? In two or three years 4G will reach speeds of 100 Mb per second.

  8. Mobile devices - Multimode versus Multi-band • Multi-mode on the same device • WCDMA • GSM • LTE • Multi-band on the same device • 700 megahertz (MHz) & 1.8 gigahertz (GHz) • 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz Wi-Fi

  9. What is Wi-Fi? • A wireless 802.11 Ethernet standard • Wi-Fi (Wireless fidelity) certification • Why standards matter • The downside of standards

  10. Portability in Enterprises • Laptops & tablet computers • Cabling costs • Moves adds and change savings • Need for computers in common areas • Monitoring inventory and patients in hospitals I know where the beds are.

  11. Key 802.11 Standards • 802.11n • Range • Capacity • Speed - 100 Mbps • Why these matter • MIMO • multiple input/multiple output • Multiple antennas • Multiple streams of traffic

  12. Security • What can go wrong? • Complexity vs. ease of administration • Intrusion detection • To detect unauthorized users • Shared passwords • WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) 802.11i subset of 802.11i • AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) • 128 bit level of encryption - more sophisticated algorithm • AAA authentication, authorization and accounting for remote user access • Security appliances with advanced capabilities

  13. 802.11 Infrastructure Wireless controller

  14. Managing Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) Miami Cincinnati Headquarters or the cloud Kansas City • Management console • Statistics on usage • Information on congestion • Reports on security • Identities of allowed users Dallas

  15. Mobile Services Summary • Wi-Fi and LTE architecture • Key aspects of 4th generation LTE Service • IP protocols • LTE • More capacity on Backhaul • Spectrum • Handhelds & user experiences • Enterprise Wi-Fi networks • Key Wi-Fi standards • 802.11b, g & a and n • Improved antennas - MIMO • Security • Access points

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