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David Wafula

David Wafula. Outline of the presentation. Agricultural Biotechnology Global Status in 2010. Accumulated Global Area of Biotech Crops,1996/10 Biotech Crops Surge Over 1 Billion Hectares in 2010. M Acres. 2965. 1200. 1 Billion Hectares = USA land area . 1000. 2471. 1976. 800. 600.

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David Wafula

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  1. David Wafula

  2. Outline of the presentation

  3. Agricultural Biotechnology Global Status in 2010

  4. Accumulated Global Area of Biotech Crops,1996/10 Biotech Crops Surge Over 1 Billion Hectares in 2010 M Acres 2965 1200 1 Billion Hectares = USA land area 1000 2471 1976 800 600 1482 500 Million Hectares 10 years 5 years 400 988 494 200 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Source: Clive James, 2011

  5. 160 Total Hectares Industrial 140 Developing 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 Adoption Highlights GLOBAL AREA OF BIOTECH CROPS Million Hectares (1996 to 2010) 29 Biotech Crop Countries A record 15.4 million farmers, in 29 countries, planted 148 million hectares (365 million acres) in 2010, a sustained increase of 10% or 14 million hectares (35 million acres) over 2009. Source: Clive James, 2010.

  6. SUMMARY– 2010 HIGHLIGHTS • 29 countries • Of the 29 countries, 19 were developing, 10 industrial • 15.4 million biotech farmers – 90% or 14.4 million small and resource-challenged farmers • 148 million hectares up from 134 million hectares in 2009 • Continued progress in Africa: • 8 European countries planted biotech crops up from 6 in 2009

  7. Top 10 Biotech Crop Adopting Nations 2010

  8. M Acres 80 198 Soybean 70 173 Maize 60 148 Cotton 50 124 Canola 40 99 30 74 20 49 10 25 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2010: By Crop (Million Hectares, Million Acres) Source: Clive James, 2010

  9. Role of Agriculture • What is the role of agriculture in Africa? • Contributing ~ 70% GDP • Contributes significantly in terms of livelihood, employment, trade, export earnings e.t.c • What are the challenges of African agriculture?

  10. Challenges of African Agriculture Drought Flood Inputs Infrastructure Technology Markets Diseases, pests, weeds, post harvest losses HIV/AIDS Policy choices

  11. Consequences? • Reduced productivity and competitiveness • Food and nutrition insecurity (Dependency on food aid)

  12. Food aid

  13. Yield of cereals (ton/ha) Central Challenge for SSA Increase agricultural productivity

  14. Real need to improve agriculture sectorDifferent Options Indigenous knowledge Organic farming Plant breeding Some tools in agriculture Irrigation Biotechnology Sustainable resource management Conservation FARMING Integrated pest management Note: Biotechnology provides COMPLEMENTARY tools and will not replace traditional agriculture

  15. Biotechnology Opportunities for Africa • Can we define the place of biotechnology in contributing to productivity and food security in Africa? • Tools to support traditional breeding (molecular markers, diagnostics etc) • Transgenics where variation doesn’t exist in the crop • Vitamin A, iron content • Drought, heat and salinity tolerance • Insect and disease resistance • Cost of development is justified by the resulting cultivars http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v20/n2/images/nbt0202-106-I1.gif

  16. Biotechnology as a tool • Insect pests • Diseases • Drought • Cold • Salinity • Poor Nutrition • Post harvest/shelf-life Addressing problems that have been difficult to solve using conventional approaches

  17. Constraints to Agricultural Productivity and Food Security in Africa

  18. Status of agricultural biotechnology in Africa

  19. Status of Biotechnology in Africa • Biotech crops commercialized • South Africa - maize, cotton, soybean • Egypt - maize • Burkina Faso - cotton • Biotech crops with field trials • South Africa – potatoes, wheat, etc. • Kenya – cotton, maize, sweet potato • Egypt – cotton • Uganda – banana, cotton, cassava, maize, etc. • Nigeria – cowpea, cassava+ • Zimbabwe – tobacco Egypt Kenya Burkina Faso Nigeria Uganda • Lack of biosafety regulations is the biggest limitation to biotech growth • Accurate information is critical • There is increasing support to test biotech in several countries Zimbabwe South Africa None Field Trials Commercial

  20. South Africa

  21. Case Study – Bt in Burkina Faso • In 2010, ~260,000 hectares of commercial Bt cotton were planted up from 115,000 hectares in 2009, 65% adoption • ~ 80,000 farmers successfully planted Bt cotton compared to 4,500 farmers 2009 • Bt cotton seed produced in 2010 can plant over 70% of all cotton in the country Note: Estimated economic benefit from Bt cotton - over US$100 million per year based on yield increases of close to 30%, plus at least a 50% reduction in insecticides sprays, from a total of 8 sprays required for conventional cotton, to only 2 to 4 sprays for Bt cotton

  22. Cotton – A success story - Africa A Bt farmer’s cotton- 3400 kg / ha rain fed

  23. Cotton – A success story Bt - Insect Protected Crops No Bt Bt

  24. Egypt

  25. Some ongoing biotech R&D activities in Africa Source: ISAAA AfriCenter, 2009

  26. Some ongoing biotech R&D activities in Africa Source: ISAAA AfriCenter, 2009

  27. Some ongoing biotech R&D activities in Africa Source: ISAAA AfriCenter, 2009

  28. Issues and Concerns

  29. Issues Related to Biotechnology Crops • Environmental safety • Gene flow • Weediness/invasiveness • Non-target impacts • Pest resistance • Agroecological impacts • Food safety • Socio-economic considerations • Trade and market access concerns

  30. GMOs and Trade. What is the Magnitude of risk ? Contribute to a better understanding of the extent to which adoption of GMOs can impact negatively on agricultural trade and market access.

  31. Nature of Exports from Africa • Exports from Africa to EU do not constitute a significant proportion of products such as cottonseed, cake, oil or maize • Exports are predominantly traditional commodities- tea, coffee, cocoa, pyrethrum, sugar tobacco, horticulture etc. • GM varieties of these commodities have not been developed and commercialized anywhere in the world • Adoption of GM cotton, sorghum, maize, cassava in Africa will not jeopardize exports-{no correlation with GM sensitive products}

  32. Factors Determining the Future of Biotechnology in Africa • Proactive policy: Africa deciding for Africa • Biosafety legislation and institutions: ability to assess the technology for ourselves • Scientific capacity building: ability to appropriate & adapt biotechnology • IPR Regimes: protect and encourage private investments • Public awareness and acceptance: credible competent communication strategies; • Funding Mechanism.

  33. What Do African Countries Need to Develop Ag. Biotechnology? • Political will and commitment to use the technology • Stakeholders involvement • Partnerships • Establish responsible and efficient regulatory systems, that are appropriate for developing countries with limited resources • Improved Communication with Society about the attributes, benefits and biosafety measures for biotech crops (public understanding and acceptance

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