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From Gene to Protein

From Gene to Protein. DNA Review. Is made of nucleotides. Contains deoxyribose sugar Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine Is a double stranded molecule. Example: A A T G G C T A T A C C G. RNA Review. Is made of nucleotides. Contains ribose sugar

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From Gene to Protein

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  1. From Gene to Protein

  2. DNA Review • Is made of nucleotides. • Contains deoxyribose sugar • Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine • Is a double stranded molecule. • Example: A A T G G C T A T A C C G

  3. RNA Review • Is made of nucleotides. • Contains ribose sugar • Replaces Thymine with the base Uracil. • Is a single stranded molecule. • Example: A A U G G C U A U A C C G

  4. What is the JOB of RNA? • To assist in the synthesis of proteins.

  5. ENGAGE:Proteins, Proteins, Proteins!!!What’s the deal with proteins?

  6. Explore 1:Banana Split Lab(Transcription, Translation)

  7. Explore 2 • Designer Babies

  8. Explain: • Amino Acids – the building blocks of proteins. • Many amino acids linked together make up the many different proteins in our body. • DNA contains the code for these proteins and RNA’s assemble the parts.

  9. Protein Synthesis: overview • Transcription: synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA (mRNA) • Translation: actual synthesis of a polypeptide under the direction of mRNA

  10. Transcription, Translation

  11. RNA Getting Ready to Do its Job • There is NOT just one RNA molecule!!!! THERE ARE THREE!!! • 3 types of RNA molecules: 1. Messenger RNA (m-RNA) 2. Transfer RNA (t-RNA) 3. Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA) • Each RNA molecule has a specific job in making a protein

  12. m-RNA(Transcribes the DNA) • Messenger RNA copies the code for a protein from DNA. • This is called TRANSCRIPTION (Only Occurs INSIDE of the Nucleus of a Cell) • Takes code to the ribosome where the protein will be made. • m-RNA is divided into smaller units called CODONS.

  13. What is a Codon? • Codon - series of 3-nucleotide ‘words’ found on the mRNA for ONE amino acid • The genetic instructions are ‘written’ in the DNA as a triplet code

  14. Translation NOW Occurs • Translation • Interpretation or Decoding of the protein code from DNA • Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell • NOT THE NUCLEUS • Involves mRNA, as well as, tRNA and rRNA

  15. t-RNA, Slide 1(Transfer RNA) • Carries the specific amino acid to the ribosome. • Each t-RNA will hook up with a codon. • One or more t-RNA for each amino acid. • Attach to the codon and have an area called an ANTI-CODON.

  16. tRNA, Slide 2 • The three letter code on the tRNA is called an Anticodon • This code translates what amino acid should be made

  17. Translation Summary • mRNA from nucleus is ‘read’ along its codons by tRNA’s anticodons at the ribosome in the cytoplasm • tRNA anticodon (nucleotide triplet); brings ONE amino acid

  18. Ribosomes and rRNA (ribosomal RNA) • Ribosomes • Protein factories • Only Non-membrane bound organelle • rRNA • What makes up the ribosomes of the cell. • Found in high concentration in the nucleolus of the cell’s nucleus.

  19. mRNA, tRNA and the ribosome Working Together

  20. Elaborate: Codon Table Activity

  21. Elaborate • DNA Article with Codon Table • Guided Practice using the Codon Table • Building a Protein Synthesis Manipulative

  22. Sequencing Race Begins

  23. Evaluate

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