Cigarette Advertising Code

1. Cigarette Advertising Code Following the 1964 report the Tobacco Industry announced they would adopt the Cigarette Advertising Code minimizing the FTC's influence on ad restrictions. The code proposed by the Industry banned advertising and marketing directed mainly at those under 21 years old, and ended advertising and promotion in school and college publications. No violations or fines were ever levied.

2. Smokescreen The Tobacco Industry refused to publicly admit the link between cigarettes and health. The tobacco companies were tracking the scientific research concerning smoking and health as early as the 1940’s. By the 1960’s companies were secretly carrying out animal research. “Joseph Bumgarner RJ Reynolds scientist. “they started out with the best of intentions…and then something scared them.” Project 6900Philip Morris In 1966 Philip Morris investigates the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke, often using animal experiments. A semi-annual report on the project reports that, ""gross lung pathology can be induced by smoking cigarettes.“ Project JanusBrown and Willamsonissues scientific reports on the health effects of smoking.

3. Creating Doubt

4. The Tiderock Marketing Company Reported to the Tobacco Institute onNovember 20, 1967 to re-established the “cigarette controversy”

5. Tobacco Institute’s White Paper was released in 1968

6. To smoke or not to smoke Cigarette Cancer Link is Bunk

7. With the ban on Advertising, Tobacco Companies sponsored cultural events Virginia Slims Tennis begins, with Billie Jean King a prime promoter. Philip Morris' Women's Tennis Assn. tour continued until 1994

8. RJ Reynolds sponsorship of NASCAR began in 1971, ending in 2003

9. The Tobacco Institute created Project Truth in 1971to support The other side of the smoking Controversy The Tobacco Institute created the White Paper to covey the message of Project truth, a pamphlet portraying the few Drs. that believed smoking was not link to lung cancer and other diseases. http://www.archive.org/details/tobacco_gow27a00 Ex. 64 & 218

10. Joseph Cullman Philip Morris Executive We do not believe cigarette are hazardous…they have not been proved to be unsafe… • When as and if any ingredient in cigarette smoke is identified as being injurious to human health we are confident that we can elimate that ingredient

11. Nicotine addiction

12. 1972 RJR RJR research scientist Claude Teague writes in a memo, "the tobacco industry may be thought of as being a specialized, highly ritualized and stylized segment of the pharmaceutical industry." “Tobacco products, uniquely, contain and deliver nicotine, a potent drug with a variety of physiological effects. “.. . Happily for the tobacco industry, nicotine is both habituating and unique in its variety of physiological actions, hence no other active material or combination of materials provides equivalent 'satisfaction..'"

13. 1972 Nicotine manipulation PM scientist Al Udow writes memo …Kool had the highest nicotine "delivery" of any king-size on the market…Kool's high nicotine is a reason for its success, …we should pursue this thought in developing a menthol entry. . .menthol smokers say they are not looking for high tobacco taste anyway. . . Although more people talk about 'taste,' it is likely that greater numbers smoke for the narcotic value that comes from the nicotine."

14. William Dunn 1972 Philip Morris Scientist “ The cigarette should be conceived not as a product but as a package. The product is nicotine. The cigarette is but one of many package layers. There's the carton, which contains the pack, which contains the cigarette, which contains the smoke. The smoke is the final package. The smoker must strip off all these package layers to get to that which he seeks."

15. Marlboro Lights enter the cigarette market in 1972 Marlboro becomes the best-selling cigarette in the world Marlboro Lights introduced, promising lower tar and nicotine.

16. If our products are harmful…

17. “If our products are harmful we’ll stop making it.” James Bowling, VP Philip Morris TI Executive Committee Wall Street Journal, January 24, 1972

18. Death in the West was filmed in 1976 by director Martin Smith, reporter Peter Taylor and a crew from This Week, a weekly show on Britain's independent Thames Television network. The show is roughly the British equivalent of 60 Minutes.

19. “if the company believed as a hole that cigarette were harmful we would not be in the business”

20. “The flat assertion that smoking causes lung cancer and heart disease and that the cases proved is not supported by many of the world’s leading scientists.” p9 Ex. 8000.752

21. “Scientists have not proven that cigarette smoke or any of the thousands of its constituents as found in cigarette smoke cause human disease.” p2

22. Victor De Noble Victor DeNoble a Philip Morris scientists is hired to find a substitute for nicotine. He succeeded- but in the process, he proved something that the industry had been denying for years: that cigarettes were addictive. 

23. January 10, 1979 Bill Dwyer, Tobacco Institute

24. 1980 Philip Morris pays movie companies to feature Marlboro trucks in there movies and changes Lois Lane’s character to be portrayed as a smoker.

25. Ed Horrigan, RJR, CEO 1982, Congressional Hearing

26. DOUBTS SMOKING CAUSES DISEASE Exhibit 8000.770.4

27. Ex. 1280

28. Ex. 1280

29. Ex. 1280

30. Ex. 1280

31. 1983 US Tobacco introduces Skoal Bandits -- a starter product, with the tobacco contained in a pouch like a tea bag.

32. RJ Reynolds as the public in January 1984

33. In response, the Tobacco Institute launched a massive "Enough is Enough" campaign, playing on many people's concerns that government was reaching too far into their lives http://www.archive.org/details/tobacco_cyy27a00

34. 1987 Joe Camel Debuts in USA. A North Carolina advertising agency uses Joe Camel to celebrate "Old Joe's" 75th anniversary.

35. Jeffrey Wigand B&W Scientist Hired by Brown and Williamson, to create a safe cigarette

36. RJR's F. Ross Johnson introduces the smokeless Premier cigarette at a press conference in New York's Grand Hyatt Hotel

37. Tobacco Institute response to the 1988 Surgeon General report Nicotine Addiction Surgeon General Julius Richmond, “The industry would not quite yield to the data the existed. But they were still successful with the public with creating this notion. “ Alan Blum “The Tobacco Institute existed to create doubt and debate. They had a team of people led by Walker Merryman”

38. Bill Dwyer Connie Drath “it may or may not be harmful” “it may or may not be harmful” Anne Browder “it may or may not be harmful”

40. 1991 Kool featured a cartoon smoking penguin wearing shades, a buzzcut and Day-Glo sneakers. Marlboro Medium is introduced

41. 1991 International ETS Management Committee (IEMC) is established in an effort to undertake better planning to deal with ETS related public policy.

42. 1991 Consumers' Research Magazine publishes "Passive Smoking: How Great a Hazard?" "ETS is so highly diluted that it is not even appropriate to call it smoke." 

43. 1992 Marlboro Adventure Team contest is introduced. Philip Morris has called the MAT one of the most successful advertising campaigns in history

45. Ex #617

47. Seven dwarfs April 1994 Ceo who appeared before Henry Waxman committee • William Campbell, CEO, Philip Morris • James Johnston, CEO, RJR Tobacco Co • Joseph Taddeo, President, U.S. Tobacco Co • Andrew Tisch, CEO, Lorillard Tobacc • Thomas Sandefur, CEO, Brown & Williamson Tobacco Co • Ed Horrigan, CEO, Liggett Group • Donald Johnston, CEO, American Tobacco Co.

48. April 15, 1994

49. 1994 RJR reprints Sullum's WSJ article in a full-page ad, with the caption, "IF WE SAID IT, YOU MIGHT NOT BELIEVE IT." Reynolds' EPA assault includes as well a major multi-city tour of RJR representatives and scientists who meet with editors, writers and talk show hosts. The ad emphasizes that Mr. Sullum "is not associated with the tobacco industry.“ 7 Philip Morris reprints Sullum's March, 1994 Forbes MediaCritic article (a longer version of his WSJ item), "Passive Reporting on Passive Smoke," in full, in a series of 6 full-page ads in newspapers throughout the country, including the New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Miami Herald, Boston Globe, and Baltimore Sun, under the heading, "SECONDHAND SMOKE FACTS FINALLY EMERGE / How Science Lost Out To Politics On Seconhand Smoke" Philip Morris paid Sullum $5,000 for the right to reprin

50. FDA gets letters from Congress In 1994 124 members of the House sent a sharply worded letter to the FDA, claiming the agency's tobacco proposal would put 10,000 jobs at risk and "trample First Amendment rights to advertise legal products to adults." Two weeks later, 32 senators signed a virtually identical letter. (According to Common Cause, those senators who signed the letter had received an average of $31,368 from tobacco, compared to $11,819 for those senators who did not sign. Similarly, the House signatories received an average of $19,446, in contrast to $6,728 for other Congress members.)--Mother Jones, 4/96