Designed for Fourth and Fifth Graders by: Kristan Bettis, Lyndsay Richardson,

1. Designed for Fourth and Fifth Graders by: Kristan Bettis, Lyndsay Richardson, Erika Perez, and Amanda Marlow

2. Circle The set of all points in a plane that are the same distance, called the radius, from a given point, called the center. Man Made: Wheels on a car are in shape of circle Courtesy of: www.cadillacfaq.com Nature: The sun is in a shape of a circle Courtesy of: www.mikeoates.org Textbook: This a mathematical picture of a circle.

3. Cube A regular polyhedron whose six faces are congruent squares. Nature: An ice cube is an example of a cube Courtesy of: random.localnetsys.com/gallery.php?gallery=/Becky/ Man Made: Dice is in the shape of a cube Courtesy of: stuffingaboutthingys.blo.../ In a textbook we could see a cube like this.

4. Triangle A three-sided polygon. The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. In a textbook we could find right, isosceles, and scalene triangles Nature: In Flat Rock, New Hampshire the rocks form shapes of triangles. Courtesy of: www.diamondscree.com/landscapes.htm Man Made: A slice of pizza is in a shape of a triangle. Courtesy of: hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/portion

5. Square A quadrilateral that has four right angles and four equal sides. Nature: Your front teeth are shaped in a square. www.mccomputersonline.com/herndon/services.htm Man Made: A window is in the shape of a square. Courtesy of: www.lindawarrengallery.com This is a textbook example of a square.

6. Parabola The graph of a quadratic or second-degree equation. Man Made: This landmark Municipal Asphalt Plant is an extruded parabola in upper East Side New York. Courtsey of:www.nyc-architecture.com/UES/UES102.htm Nature: This mountain in Lofoten Island, Norway forms the shape of a parabola Courtsey of: iacoma.cs.uiuc.edu/.../ parabola.jpg.html This is a textbook example of a parabola.

7. Arc Part of a circle; the curve between two points on a circle. Man Made: The historical Arc de Triumph is found in France. Courtesy of: www.die-erde.com/europa/picture.php?ID=180 Nature: A rainbow forms a shape of an arc. Courtesy of: sophie-g.net/photo/cieux/rainbow1.htm This is a textbook example of an arc.

8. Plane One of the basic undefined terms of geometry. A plane goes on forever in all directions (in two dimensions) and is "flat" (i.e., it has no thickness). Man Made: The lines a football field make a plane. Courtesy of: granadafootball.com/images/field/fieldgallery.htm Nature: Often called "chem trails" form planes in the sky. Courtesy of: http://www.flickr.com/photo.gne?id=54428547 This is a picture we might find in a textbook illustrating a plane.

9. Cone A three dimensional figure with a circular or elliptical base and one vertex. Nature: A Olympia pine tree used as Christmas trees form the shape of a cone. Courtesy of: www.coloradochristmas.net/olympiapine.htm Man Made: An ice cream cone is in the shape of cone. This is an example of a cone in a textbook.

10. An ellipse looks like a flattened circle. It consists of all the points in a plane that satisfy the following: a+b=(twice the length of the semi-major axis), where a is the distance from one focus to the point on the ellipse, and b is the distance from the other focus to the same point on the ellipse. Ellipse www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/glossary/indexe.shtml  Nature: The planets orbit the Sun in an elliptical cycle. Man Made: The roof of this building is in the shape of an ellipse. This is a textbook example of an ellipse.

11. ChordA line segment that joins two points on the circumference of circle Man Made: The strings of this banjo across the circular portion of the instrument form a chord. These are two textbook examples of a chord. Nature: The segmentation of the orange cross the circumference of the fruit in a straight line. Courtesy of : www.barnardltd.com/theme/11690w.jpg

12. PyramidA polyhedron with one base and the same number of triangular faces as there are sides of the base. Natural: This Bosnian Hill was researched and It was concluded that it is a natural occurring pyramid. www.nationalgeographic.com This is a textbook example of a pyramid. Moody Gardens features two manmade pyramid structures.  Courtesy of: www.moodygardens.com

13. Parallel Lines cut by a non-perpendicular transversal Man Made: The diagonal boards cross the parallel boards in a non-perpendicular fashion. This is a textbook example of a transversal cutting through parallel lines. Natural: A non-perpendicular line of plants is a transversal cutting through parallel lines of plants.

14. Hexagon a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six vertices Natural: The individual honey combs are hexagons. This is a simple textbook example of a hexagon. Man Made: These game pieces are hexagonal.

15. Intersecting Lines Lines that intersect in a point are called intersecting lines. Textbook: This is an example of intersecting lines that would be seen in a textbook. Natural: The lines in the granite table intersect naturally. Man Made: The plastic bars in the dog gate form intersecting lines.

16. Shape The characteristic surface configuration of a thing; an outline or contour. Man Made: There is a star in the middle of the coaster. This square is an example of a shape that would be found in a textbook. Courtesy of: jwilson.coe.uga.edu Natural: A triangle with three sides exist between the moose’s antlers and the sky.

17. Line A line is uniquely determined by two points, and the line passing through points. This is a textbook example of lines. Natural: The porcupine quills form lines as they protrude from the animal’s body. Man Made: The utensil holder forms a straight line made of steel.

18. Similar Items Related in appearance or nature; alike though not identical. Textbook: The triangles are one example of similar items, such as would be found in an example of a textbook. Natural: The leaves are naturally similar in size and shape Man Made: The knives are similar objects, but different in size.

19. Angle The figure formed by two lines diverging from a common point. This is a textbook example of an acute angle. Man Made: A right angle is formed where the glass and the wood make a sharp right angle. Natural: The tree trunk splits and forms an acute angle.

20. Cylinder A cylinder is the surface formed by the set of lines perpendicular to a plane, which pass through a given circle in that plane. Man Made: The bottle of PAM has the perfect cylinder shape with flat ends and a long body. Natural: This portion of a tree trunk is a cylinder. This is a textbook example of a cylinder.

21. Point The point at which two or more lines intersect (cross). Man Made: Maps have points on them where latitude and longitude lines intersect. Textbook : For example, if we are given the equations y = x + 5 and y = -2x + 8, we can find the solution to this system by graphing the equations. The point of intersection is the solution to the system. Natural: All of the veins of a leaf intersect to a point in the middle of the leaf.

22. Parallel Lines Two lines are parallel if they lie in the same plane and they do not intersect. Man Made: The light rail runs on tracks parallel to one another just like a train. Textbook : In the following example, the two red lines (k and l) are parallel lines.Parallel lines are written using the symbol | |. In this case k | | l. Natural: Trees in the forest grow naturally to one another.

23. Fractal A fractal is a geometrical shape or pattern made up of identical parts, which are in turn identical to the overall pattern. Textbook: The equilateral triangle which can be built up into a much larger but still similar pattern. Man Made: Chemical structure of the first man made fractal molecule. Natural: This fractal nature mimics mathematical fractal shapes where form is repeated at every scale.

24. Oval An egg-shaped curve , a two-dimensional shape like a stretched circle with slightly longer flatter sides Textbook: An oval is not the same as an ellipse. Man Made: Lab created oval gemstone! Natural: The stamen of both flowers is in the shape of an oval.

25. Ray A ray begins at a point and goes on forever in one direction. Textbook: A ray is a line with a starting point but no endpoint. Natural light rays from the sun to the earth. Man made rays of light from light bulbs.

26. Pentagon A polygon with 5 sides. Textbook: Given the following figures, the first is a nonregular convex pentagon and the second is a regular convex pentagon. Natural:Buckminsterfullerene is the smallest fullerene in which no two pentagons share an edge. It is also the most common in terms of natural occurrence, as it can often be found in soot. . Man Made: Picture of the government building “The Pentagon.” It received its name from the geometrical five sided polygon.

27. Additional Credits: *plato.acadiau.ca *Mathisfun.com *Wikipedia.com *Photos taken by Kristan Bettis.