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Propaganda Techniques. English 9 Honors . What is propaganda?. Propaganda is an expression of opinion or action by individuals or groups, deliberately designed to influence opinions or actions of other individuals or groups with reference to predetermined ends.
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Propaganda Techniques English 9 Honors
What is propaganda? • Propaganda is an expression of opinion or action by individuals or groups, deliberately designed to influence opinions or actions of other individuals or groups with reference to predetermined ends Wait, that is kind of confusing . . . there must be an easier way to get it . . .
Great, but what does that mean? • Basically, if you and I have an opinion and express it with intent to influence some individual or group, then we are propagandists. • It’s convincing large numbers of people to believe or act a certain way.
History of Propaganda • Propaganda has been occurring for thousands of years . . . • Religion: The word first appeared in 1622 while influencing the masses on religious beliefs. • Propaganda and war: Governments use propagandato persuade their people of the justness of their cause as well as hide the failures of the front line. • Nazi propaganda:In 1933, Hitler realized the potential of propaganda and appointed Joseph Goebbels as Minister for Propaganda.
Propaganda Today • Today, propaganda continues to be used in large quantities in the modern world • We see it used by: • Governments all over the world • Politicians, home and abroad • Advertisers, from little items like gum, to huge items like cars
Propaganda Devices • Name-calling • Glittering Generalities • Transfer • Testimonial • Plain Folks • Card Stacking • Band Wagon
Name-Calling Device • Giving “bad names” to individuals, groups, nations, races, policies, practices, beliefs and ideals • Name-calling tries to make us form a judgment without examining the evidence • Appeals to hate and fear
Glittering Generalities Device • Use of “virtue” words • Uses words that appeal to our emotions of love, generosity and brotherhood • Words like: truth, freedom, honor, liberty, social justice, public service, loyalty, progress, democracy
Transfer Device • The propagandist carries over the authority or prestige of something or someone we respect to have us accept something • The idea that good feelings, looks or ideas are transferred to the person for whom the product is intended • Often times, strong symbols are used to stir our emotions
Testimonial Device • Uses prominent people with the expectation that the crowd will follow the leader • We consider someone else to be an expert and are influenced by their decision
Plain Folks Device • “Just plain folks among the neighbors” • Used to win our confidence by having the “elite” (politicians, etc.) appearing to be common people, just like us.
Card Stacking Device • Only part of the truth is told • Propagandist uses over-emphasis and under-emphasis to dodge issues and evade facts
Band Wagon Device • “Everybody’s doing it; come along and follow the great majority, for it can’t be wrong!” • Used to make us follow the crowd • To accept the propagandist’s work in mass
For review, the 7 techniques used: • Name-calling Device • Glittering Generalities Device • Transfer Device • Testimonial Device • Plain Folks Device • Card Stacking Device • Band Wagon Device
Is all propaganda bad? • What do you think? • It depends, right? • It is important to be aware of techniques used, so you know if you are being influenced blindly
Let’s test your knowledge now . . . • The following slides contain propaganda techniques in full effect. • Some are harmless, like buying a certain cell phone network • Some, though, contain more powerful or hateful messages • As the image appears, I want you to try to figure out what device is being used (it can be more than one)
Lucky Jeans • What propaganda techniques are being used here? • How? “Everybody” Plain Folks? Band Wagon?
German Propaganda Poster • What is the message here? • What symbols are being used? • What types of propaganda are being used? Working man Plain Folks?
Burger King • What propaganda techniques are being used here? • How? So, if I eat here, it’s like grilling at home . . . Or, maybe it’s just a transfer propaganda technique
Lose Weight & Inches • What propaganda techniques are being used here? • How? Well, if the doctor says so! Wait, what about that fine print? Card Stacking?
American Propaganda Poster • What is the message here? • What types of propaganda are being used? • This World War Two propaganda poster urges Americans on the home front to carpool as a way to fight Nazism by making more fuel available to the troops. Name Calling!
Ford Fusion • What propaganda techniques are being used here? • How? SAFETY! FAST! Must be Glittering Generalities!
Political CartoonWhat propaganda techniques are being used here?How? Wow! Vermin, huh? Pretty tough names! Name Calling!
Skechers Shoes • What propaganda techniques are being used here? • How? Who is that? She wears Skechers, they must be cool! Testimonial!
Politicians What propaganda techniques are being used here? How? Just like everybody else? Plain Folks?
US Propaganda Poster • What is the message here? • What symbols are being used? • What types of propaganda are being used? Lady Liberty The children of America Transfer
Verizon Wireless • What propaganda techniques are being used here? • How? So everyone is “in”? Well, I don’t want to be “out”! Band Wagon!
Superman What propaganda device is being used? How? Standing in front of the flag? Transfer?
What propaganda device is being used?How? “Best Choice”? Glittering Generalities?
Icy Hot Patch • What propaganda device is being used? • How? “When the heat is on, the pain is gone!” Shaq must know! Testimonial?
Nazi Propaganda Poster • What is the message here? • What images are being used? A strong, loving family An eagle protecting them Plain Folks or Transfer
Testimonial American Express • What propaganda techniques are being used here? • How? Tiger Woods has a lot of money . . . he must know how to spend it well! And he uses American Express Testimonial!