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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. Review: What are Nucleic Acids?. DNA and RNA Nucleus; it stays protected The genes on DNA give instructions to build proteins RNA carries the instructions to the cell. Where is DNA found? Why?. What do DNA and RNA do?. RNA. The “working copy” of a gene

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. Review: What are Nucleic Acids? • DNA and RNA • Nucleus; it stays protected • The genes on DNA give instructions to build proteins • RNA carries the instructions to the cell Where is DNA found? Why? What do DNA and RNA do?

  3. RNA • The “working copy” of a gene • Structure: R U Single? • Ribose Sugar • Uracil (U) base instead of Thymine (T) • Single Stranded

  4. 3 Types of RNA • mRNA – “messenger”; carries copy of DNA instructions • rRNA – “ribosomal”; ribosomes are made up of proteins and RNA • tRNA – “transfer”; transfers amino acids to the ribosome during protein construction

  5. CENTRAL IDEA of biology DNA RNA PROTEIN • Assignment: Protein Wall of Fame • DUE: Monday, March 29, 2010 • You will research an assigned protein. • Create a 1-page 8”x10” poster of your protein • You must include the following: • Your name • The name of your protein • Answer: What does it do? • Answer: What happens if it is absent?

  6. Grading Rubric – 24 Points

  7. Transcription • Making mRNA from DNA • Steps: • Helicase “unzips” the DNA • RNA Polymerase bonds to DNA at the promoter region, “TATA box” • RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA strand • New RNA leaves the nucleus

  8. The Genetic Code • Codon– 3 base sequence on mRNA • Each codon specifies a particular amino acid • Stop Codons – end the polypeptide chain • Wobble – many a.a. are encoded by > 1 codon; Why?

  9. Example: • A certain gene has the following DNA sequence: TACAAGTCCACAATC • Write the mRNA sequence (as codons) for this gene. AUG●UUC●AGG●UGU●UAG • Write the amino acid sequence for this gene. Met●Phe●Arg●Cys

  10. Translation tRNA Binding Sites • Protein is made from mRNA • Takes place at the ribosome Large Subunit A E P Small Subunit mRNA Binding Site

  11. Steps: • mRNA attaches to ribosome and “presents” a codon • A tRNA with a complementary anticodon (3 base sequence) brings the appropriate amino acid • The ribosome binds new tRNA’s as it moves along the mRNA

  12. Ribosomes join two neighboring a.a. with peptide bonds, allowing the tRNA’s leave

  13. The peptide chain is released when a stop codon is reached.

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