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Human Development Review:. 20. The notion that development occurs in well-defined stages:. Assumes a learning perspective Is supported by interactionist theory Is consistent with the process of cumulative action Assumes that behavior is mainly determined by nature
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20 The notion that development occurs in well-defined stages: • Assumes a learning perspective • Is supported by interactionist theory • Is consistent with the process of cumulative action • Assumes that behavior is mainly determined by nature • Endorses the discontinuity view
20 The cells that eventually form the organ systems of the infant start development during this phase: • Zygotic • Menarche • Infancy • Fetal • Embroynic
20 Substances from the environment, including viruses, drugs, and other chemicals that can damage the developing organism during the prenatal period are called: • Temperaments • Interactions • Teratogens • Assimilations • Accomodations
20 Which of the following is NOT a reflexive or sensory capacity that would be present in a newborn? • Choosing between different colors • Clinging to a caregiver • Responding to stimulation • Discriminating between good and bad odors • Distinguishing between tastes with different amounts of sweetness
20 In the Looney Toons cartoon, when the little chick follows Fog Horn Leg Horn around and believes that he is the chick’s mother, ____ could be said to have taken place. • Assimilation • Permutation • Imprinting • Attachment • Centration
:20 A child who is just starting school, trying to learn good habits and to do well, is in Erikson's stage of development called • Initiative vs. Guilt • Identity vs. Role Confusion • Industry vs. Inferiority • Integrity vs. Despair
20 Physical neglect in young children has been shown to cause: • Failure to thrive • Emotional detachment • Slow growth and bone development • Social withdrawal • All of the above
20 What is the response pattern of securely attached children in the Strange Situation when their mothers return? • They tend to ignore their mothers because they are secure about her care • Sometimes they run over to their mothers and sometimes the do not; there’s no consistent pattern in their responses • They tend to go to their mothers for comfort • They tend to run over to their mothers and beg them not to leave again. • They hit their mothers
20 This developmental theorist began his career by administering intelligence tests to children • Freud • Piaget • Kohlberg • Erikson • Kubler-Ross
20 Piaget used this term to refer to the mental structures that guide thoughts: • Operations • Phonemes • Strategies • Schemas • Imprints
20 Which of the following is an example of animistic thought? • An object ceases to exist when hidden from sight • A child is unwilling to share her toys • A child sucks their thumb • A child chooses a tall thin glass of milk over a short squat glass of milk • After witnessing a traffic accident, a child refers to a damaged fender as an “owie.”
20 John is babysitting for the twins, Chandler and Joey (they are 4 yrs old). When John makes them a sandwich, he cuts Joey’s in half and leaves Chandler’s whole. Chandler becomes upset because he only has one piece while Joey has two, realizing that the total size of the sandwich is the same. Chandler has not yet demonstrated the concept of: • Conservation • Egocentrism • Object Permanence • Animism • Reversibility
:20 According to Erikson, failure to resolve the tasks of middle adulthood leads to a sense of __________ involving a concern for one's own needs and comforts only. • Despair • Grief • Stagnation • Autonomy
20 Boys when playing together tend to: • Work cooperatively with one another • Create a “pecking order” • Share more than girls • Play less aggressively than girls • Make decisions democratically
:20 A toddler learning to use the toilet who sometimes feels bad when he or she "messes up" is at Erikson's stage called • Identity vs. Role Confusion • Initiative vs. Guilt • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt • Intimacy vs. Isolation
20 When baby Stephanie starts crying, her mother or father hurries to see if she needs anything, and they comfort her when she is upset. According to Erikson, Stephanie is likely to develop: • Competence • Trust • Inferiority • Mistrust • Autonomy
20 This theorist argued that individuals of all cultures go through the same stages of moral development in the same order. • Harlow • Piaget • Erikson • Kohlberg • Kubler-Ross
:20 According to Erikson, a major conflict in the first year of life is that between • Initiative vs. Guilt • Trust vs. Mistrust • Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt • Identity vs. role confusion
20 With aging there is a decline of __________ intelligence, but not of __________ intelligence. • Fluid; fixed • Fixed; fluid • Fluid; crystallized • Crystallized; fluid
20 Lee Vygotsky discussed this concept which describes how children quietly and discreetly take in information from their environment. • Centration • Zone of Proximal Development • Internalization • Animism • Collectivism
