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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control. Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control. Used to develop stimulus control (to get the right behavior to occur at the right time) Used to develop new behaviors Examples:

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control

  2. Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control • Used to develop stimulus control (to get the right behavior to occur at the right time) • Used to develop new behaviors • Examples: Teaching Trevor to hit a baseball Teaching Natasha to read English words Learning new material for a class

  3. Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control is used by: • Teachers • Coaches • Parents • Trainers

  4. What is a Prompt? • An antecedent stimulus or event that controls a response • A prompt gets the behavior to occur in the correct situation so the behavior can be reinforced SD + prompt  R  SR

  5. Types of Prompts • Response prompts • Stimulus prompts

  6. Response prompts: • Involve the behavior of another person - Verbal prompt - Gestural prompt - Modeling prompt - Physical prompt

  7. Stimulus prompts: • Involve change in an antecedent stimulus - Within stimulus prompt - Extra-stimulus prompt

  8. Examples SD (prompt) ------------> R -------------> SR Baseball thrown ----> swing the ---------> hit the by pitcher bat correctly baseball, (coach’s assistance) get praise Written word “ENTER” ----> student ----> praise (teacher says “enter”) says “enter”

  9. Transfer of Stimulus Control Getting the behavior to occur in the presence of the SD without prompts • Fading • Prompt delay

  10. Fading • Gradual removal of a prompt while the response occurs in the presence of the SD • Prompt fading - Gradually removing the response prompt Example: Coach provides less and less physical assistance to Trevor to hit the ball • Stimulus fading - Gradually removing the stimulus prompt Example: Students look at the answers on the flash cards less and less as they learn the answers to multiplication problems

  11. Prompt Delay • Present the SD, wait X number of seconds, then present the prompt (if needed) • Example: The teacher shows the word to Natasha and waits 4 sec. If Natasha does not say the word, the teacher says the word as a prompt

  12. Using Prompting and Fading 1. Choose the most appropriate prompt strategy 2. Get the learner’s attention 3. Present the SD 4. Prompt the correct response 5. Reinforce the correct response 6. Fade the prompts over trials 7. Continue to reinforce unprompted responses 8. Use intermittent reinforcement for maintenance

  13. Using Prompting and Fading to Studyfor a Behavior Modification Test SD -----------> R ----------->SR practice test question correct answer self-praise (+ prompt) • Prompt = looking up the correct answer • Fade prompts until you can answer the question without looking it up

  14. Using Index Cards to Study • SD - A question on one side • R - Providing the correct answer • Prompt - The correct answer on the other side of the index card • Fading - Look at the answer on the card less and less until you can give the answer without looking

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