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Forces of Imperialism Motives:

Explore the economic competition, technological advantages, vulnerable factors, Berlin Conference, clashes in South Africa, Boer War, French control of Indochina, Japanese expansion in Asia, Opium War in China, Taiping Rebellion, Commodore Matthew Perry's impact.

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Forces of Imperialism Motives:

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  1. Forces of ImperialismMotives: • Economic competition for markets & raw materials • National pride • Racism • Missionaries' desire to Christianize & “civilize” non-European peoples

  2. Forces of ImperialismTechnological Advantages over Africa: • Superior weapons • Railroads, cables, steamships • Quinine (drug) to protect from malaria

  3. Forces of ImperialismFactors Making Africa Vulnerable: • Africans’ great diversity of languages and cultures • Ethnic rivalries • Lower level of technology, including weapons

  4. Division of AfricaBerlin Conference of 1884 & 1885: • Agreement among 14 European nations about how to divide Africa among European countries • Outcomes: • Random distribution of African ethnic & linguistic groups among European nations • Transformation of the way of life of Africans

  5. “From Cairo to Cape Town”

  6. Division of AfricaClash in South Africa: • Zulus • Shaka – created large centralized state • Successors unable to keep together against British superior arms – British invaded 1879 • Fell to British control in 1887 • Boers (Dutch) – a.k.a. Afrikaners • 1st Europeans to settle in S. Africa • British • Took over Cape Colony in early 1800s – clashed with Boers over British policy regarding land & slaves

  7. Division of AfricaBoer War (1899-1910): • Diamonds/gold discovered in 1860s & 1880s • Boers launched commando raids & used guerilla tactics • British burned farms & imprisoned women & children • Britain finally won • Outcome: • Creation of self-governing Union of South Africa controlled by British

  8. French Control of IndochinaHow Brought Under Control: • Missionaries were killed • French army invaded Vietnam • Combined it with Laos and Cambodia

  9. French Control of IndochinaMethod of Control: • Direct control • French themselves filled all important positions in gov’t

  10. French Control of IndochinaEconomic Policies: • Discouraged local industry • Rice became major export crop

  11. French Control of IndochinaColonial Impact: • Imposed French culture • All schools, courts, & businesses followed French models • ↓ of local industries • Less food for peasants

  12. Japanese in AsiaWar with China (Sino-Japanese War) (1894-1895): • How it started: • Rebellion broke out against Korea’s king, who asked China for military help • Chinese troops marched into Korea • Japan protested violation of agreement & sent its troops to fight the Chinese • Consequences: • Destruction of Chinese navy • Beginning of Japanese colonial empire • Change to world’s balance of power • Emergence of Russia & Japan as major powers (& enemies) in Asia

  13. Japanese in AsiaOccupation of Korea: • Annexed Korea – brought under control • Ruled Korea harshly • Established very repressive gov’t that denied rights to Korea • Inspired Korean nationalist movement

  14. Interaction with WesternersOpium War (China): • Setting the Stage: • China self-sufficient, little trade w/ west  favorable balance of trade • Europeans wanted to find product Chinese would buy in large quantities  found it in opium • Many Chinese became addicted

  15. Interaction with WesternersOpium War (China): • Causes: • Chinese emperor wanted trade stopped  Britain refused to stop

  16. Interaction with WesternersOpium War (China): • Results & Effects: • Chinese defeat & humiliation • Cession of Hong Kong to Britain • Continuation of opium trade • Extraterritorial rights for foreign citizens • Chinese resentment against foreigners

  17. Interaction with WesternersTaiping Rebellion (China): • Setting the Stage: • Population provided major challenge growing 30% in only 60 years

  18. Interaction with WesternersTaiping Rebellion (China): • Causes: • Hunger/starvation caused by inability to feed enormous population • Increasing opium addiction • Poverty

  19. Interaction with WesternersTaiping Rebellion (China): • Results & Effects: • Rebellion put down • Restoration of Qing to power (with help of British and French forces) • 20 million people died

  20. Interaction with WesternersCommodore Matthew Perry (Japan): • Perry Arrives in Tokyo: • Arrives with letter from U.S. President Fillmore • Letter politely asked shogun to allow free trade • Perry gave threat that he would return with larger fleet in one year to get Japanese reply • Purpose: shock & frighten Japanese into accepting trade with U.S.

  21. Interaction with WesternersCommodore Matthew Perry (Japan): • Treaty of Kanagawa (1854): • Japan opened two ports where ships could take supplies

  22. Interaction with WesternersCommodore Matthew Perry (Japan): • Benefits to U.S.A.: • Gained rights to trade at those two ports • Opened door for other W powers

  23. Effects of ImperialismColonization: • Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America

  24. Effects of ImperialismColonial Economics: • Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies

  25. Effects of ImperialismChristianization: • Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia

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