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CHE 448 – Chemical Engineering Design

CHE 448 – Chemical Engineering Design. Spring 2006 . Class Nr 8 Thursday February 2. Glacier P. Moreno. Lago Argentino. REPORT SCHEDULE!!!!. Class Design Project: 3-student teams (30% of course grade) First Report: Feasibility Analysis March 2: (30%) Second Report: Conceptual Design

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CHE 448 – Chemical Engineering Design

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  1. CHE 448 – Chemical Engineering Design Spring 2006 Class Nr 8 Thursday February 2 Glacier P. Moreno. Lago Argentino

  2. REPORT SCHEDULE!!!! • Class Design Project: 3-student teams (30% of course grade) • First Report: Feasibility Analysis • March 2: (30%) • Second Report: Conceptual Design • April 4: 30% • Third Report: Size and Cost • April 25: 30% • Design Report Oral Presentation • April 25: 10% of Design grade

  3. Assemble Unit Operations

  4. Task Integration

  5. Heat exchanger duties

  6. Sequence of Structures • Block Flow Diagram (BFD) • Process Flow Diagram (PFD) • Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

  7. Basic Unit Operations

  8. Instruments & Control

  9. Chapter 3: Process Synthesis Steps

  10. Objectives of chapter 5:Chemical Reactions • Learn to select reaction paths • Look for most promising economics • Avoid toxic, hazardous chemicals • If unavoidable, reduce their presence by short reaction times and small storage • Compute gross economic potential of different paths

  11. Objectives of Chapter 5:Mixing and recycle • Learn to distribute main chemicals • Recover valuable raw materials • Obtain high purity of products • Account for inert species • Account for impurities • Purge high and low ends • When feasible, combinereactions and separations.

  12. Objectives of Chapter 5:Separations • Design a separation sequence • Vapor recovery system • Liquid separation system • Distribute chemicals • Excess reactants • Inert diluents • Apply heuristics in selecting separation processes. • Liquid-vapor mixtures • Vapor separation • Liquid-liquid separations

  13. Objectives of Chapter 5:Temperature, pressure, and phase change • Adjust temperature, pressure and phase of streams to mix with other streams or to enter unit operations. • Remove heat from hot sources and introduce heat to cold sources. • Integrate heat and work sinks and sources. • Understand the advantages of pumping a liquid versus compressing a vapor.

  14. Objectives of Chapter 5:Task integration • Combine operations into unit processes. • Provide control and instrumentation to ensure continuous/batch operation • Introduce equipment and processes to enable start-up.

  15. Vinyl Chloride Example:Input/output structure of flowsheet • What are reactions and reaction conditions? • What are raw materials and specs? • Safety, toxicity, environmental impact concerns? • What is desired production rate and purity of products? • To select reaction paths: • Look for most promising economics • Avoid toxic, hazardous chemicals • If unavoidable, reduce their presence by short reaction times and small storage

  16. Questions about input/output structure • What are reactions and reaction conditions? • What are raw materials and specs? • Safety, toxicity, environmental impact concerns? • What is desired production rate and purity of products?

  17. What are reactions and reaction conditions?

  18. What are raw materials and specifications: • Platt’s Guide: Platt’s assesses ethylene in southeast asia, ..the US Gulf and Mexico. The US assessment if for product with a minimum purity of 99% OXY Chemical Products: Chlorine is available as a liquid:

  19. Safety, toxicity, environmental impact concerns? • Chlorine • NFPA (0-4):Health=3, React.=1 • HMIS (0-4):Health = 3, React. = 1 • May cause burns to respiratory tract, skin and eyes. May cause chemical pneumonia. May cause permanent eye damage. May be lethal in high concentrations. • Unique reactive chemical properties are used in the manufacturing of thousand of everyday products. • Ethylene: • Extremely flammable • In high concentrations may cause asphyxiation. • In low concentrations may cause narcotic effects.

  20. Safety, toxicity, environmental impact concerns? • Dichloroethane: • Probable human carcinogen • Causes liver damage • Mutagen, toxic • Vinyl Chloride: • Extremely flammable • Known human carcinogen • Inhalation Humans Lowest Published Toxic Concentration: 500 ppm

  21. What is desired production rate and purity of products? • What are the uses for vinyl chloride? • Vinyl chloride is used primarily for production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins. In 1996, 22 million tons of PVC were produced worldwide, of which 5.2 million tons were made in Western Europe. Western European production increased by 2% in 1996, compared with rises of 4% in North America and 9.5% in Asia. PVC accounts for 99% of total worldwide vinyl chloride use, with only 300,000 tonnes used in non-PVC applications. • What are the specs for the different applications? • Is there any advantages of further purification of products?

  22. Chemical reactions to eliminate differences of the molecular type

  23. Vinyl Chloride Process: Chlorination reactor

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