I. Analyze Audience

1. I. Analyze Audience • Definition: Learning as much information about the audience as possible and using the information to adapt your presentation.

2. Demographic Traits • Age • Gender • Religion • Group Membership • Race/Ethnicity

3. Occupation • Educational level • Geographical experience • Special interests • Marital status

4. Situational Analysis • Size of the group • Setting • Attitude toward the topic • Attitude toward the occasion • Attitude toward the speaker

5. Sources of Information • Contact person • Survey • Research • Printed material • Internet • Member of group • Previous Speaker

6. Adapting Your Speech • Language • Developing material/Topics • Length • Delivery style • Humor • Visual Aids

7. II. Choose a Topic Personal Inventory • Personal experience • Jobs • Hobbies, activities, interests • Abilities Current Events

8. III. Determine Purposes of Speech General • Inform • Persuade • Entertain Specific “I want my audience to learn…”

9. IV. Gathering Information • Self (make list of what you know and don’t know) • Others (interview) • Print/Non-print (books, magazines, pamphlets, reliable internet sources, video, news programs,etc.)

10. Remember: • At least 4 sources are required • 2 print sources are required • 1 interview source is required • A complete list of sources - MLA • Copies of 1 page from 2 print sources • No Wikipedia

11. V. Organize Material in Body • Step – sequence of time, size, value, importance, order • Chronological • Spatial – space or location • Topical – natural divisions

12. VI. Develop the Body • Stories • Statistics • Testimony • Comparisons • Explanations

13. Restatement • Descriptions • Definitions • Literature • “I took the road less traveled..”

14. VII. Add Intro and Conclusion and Transitions • Introduction • Attention • Relation • Orientation • Other elements • Credibility or definitions

15. Conclusion • **Give Signal to Conclusion** • Summary • Lasting Effect • Tie-back Technique • Quote • Rhetorical Question

16. Transitions • Connectors • Preview in introduction • Between main points • Between subpoints • Signal to the conclusion • Mrs. Vogel transition!

17. VIII. Develop Delivery Skills • Visual Aspects • General Appearance/Apparel • Posture • Gesture • Facial Expressions • Eye Contact • Movement

18. Vocal Aspects • Volume • Rate/pauses • Tone (conversational) • Inflection • Enunciation/pronunciation

19. Emotional Aspects • Show interest in topic and audience • Be enthusiastic • Show personality • Build rapport

20. IX. Practice, Practice, Practice • Practice aloud • Record yourself • Ask others to listen • Use notes that you will have for the speech • Stand up and make a lectern

21. Notes • May use cards or paper • Must use a key word or key phrase outline • Number cards • Write on only one side • Use meta-notes ): • Color code

22. Place notes on lectern; do not hold them • Establish set and hold set • ***Look at audience for opening and closing words of the speech • Start with story, then expand • Practice transitions • *I suggest typing notes because it is easier to read, change, and mark.

23. X. Add Visual Aids • Reasons: • Clarify • Retention • Interest • Credibility • Confidence

24. Classes of Visuals • Graphics • Pictorials • 3-dimensional • Electronic

25. Power Point Pointers • Use one background theme • Limit use of gimmicks and animation • Use bullet points • Use blank slides as needed

26. Use “b” or “w” keys • For saving PPT: • If created on pc, save to flash drive and email to DMACC email • If created on Mac: Save “compatible to pc” and email to DMACC email address

27. Guides for Preparation • Accurate • Easy to read • Interesting • Appropriate for audience

28. Practice with the aid • Plan a system to take and lay aside • Ask assistant in advance • Anticipate the unexpected

29. Guides for Use • Maintain eye contact • Don’t block view • Use one aid at a time • Allow enough time to see • Don’t let the aid dominate you