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Fundamental Ideas

Fundamental Ideas. What is Communication ??. Exchange Of Information. What is Communication??. Exchange Of Information. THE MILLION DOLLAR 'Q' "WHAT IS TELECOMMUNICATION". Transfer of information from one place to another. I get it !!!!!!!!!!!! My Information.

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Fundamental Ideas

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  1. Fundamental Ideas

  2. What is Communication ?? Exchange Of Information

  3. What is Communication?? Exchange Of Information

  4. THE MILLION DOLLAR 'Q' "WHAT IS TELECOMMUNICATION" Transfer of information from one place to another I get it !!!!!!!!!!!! My Information. Audio Video Data Signal Transmission Medium Source Destination Free Space Copper Fiber Optic

  5. How to transfer information?? Through Some Carrier Some carrier is required to carry information over long distances…. Why??? Limitation: Information cannot go beyond certain distance without the aid of a carrier

  6. Carrier • Should be capable of carrying information • Can take it through long distance • Should have good speed • Which is the most suitable carrier??

  7. Electromagnetic Wave • Highest Known speed 3x108m/s • Can carry any information through modulation • Energetic - Can go through long distance • Supports multiple media Eg: Free space/Copper/Fiber etc..

  8. Electromagnetic Wave • In electromagnetic wave electrical and magnetic fields vary harmonically • Harmonic oscillations at atomic level gives oscillating electric field • Electromagnetic wave generation

  9. Relation between electric and magnetic field Changing electric field gives rise to changing magnetic field & vise versa (Perpendicular) So in electromagnetic wave electric and magnetic fields oscillate perpendicular to each other and electromagnetic energy transmits perpendicular to both

  10. Figure of a wave Wavelength = distance travelled in one cycle(l) Frequency = Number of cycles per second(n) Velocity(v) = l x n

  11. Electro Magnetic Spectrum Velocity of all the electromagnetic wave is same, 3 x 108m/s

  12. Block Diagram of a Telecommunication System

  13. Media….. What is the other thing required apart from carrier for transmitting signals over longer distances?? Some medium for carrying signals from transmitter to the receiver

  14. Different types of media used for transmitting signals…. • Wired : Twisted Pair • Co-axial cable • Optical fiber • Wireless(Free space/air):Microwave • Satellite Tx Rx Carrier MEDIA

  15. Twisted Pair

  16. Twisted Pair • Twisted pair is made of two copper wires which are covered by plastics or materials that are similar • The insulated wires are twisted to form the communication line,the purpose of twisting the wires is to avoid electrical interference • Twisted pair can be combined into a cable that may consist of two,four,fifty or hundreds of pairs • Twisted pair is the basis of transmission media(Telephone)

  17. Coaxial Cable

  18. Coaxial Cable • Coaxial cable contains two conductors which are insulated from one another • The inner conductor is covered by the dielectric and the outer conductor is covered by a shield • Coaxial cable has many applications,for instance cable TV,local networks,short run computer system links and long distance telephone transmission • In local network coaxial cable can support different type of traffic and data • By using FDM,it can carry more than 10,000 channels at a time

  19. Optic Fiber

  20. Optic Fiber(Physical Appearance)

  21. Optic Fiber Optic fiber is made up of 3 parts : Core,Cladding and jacket • The inner most part is the core which contains one or more thin fibers that are made up of plastic or glass • Each of the fiber in the core is covered by a cladding which has different optical properties from the core • The outer most part of the optical fiber is made up of plastic or other materials ,which is called the jacket

  22. Optic Fiber • Because of greater performance and higher data rate,the application of optic fiber has dramatically increased in long distance communication and military applications

  23. Microwave

  24. Microwave • In terrestrial microwave transmission a pair of towers mounted on top of the towers will transmit signals through air • Microwave antennas are equipped in higher place in order to achieve better transmission effect • Voice transmission,television transmission and the short point to point links will be the major application of microwave transmission

  25. Satellite Communication

  26. Satellite • A satellite consists of several transponders which receive signal from one frequency band,this action is called uplink • The satellite will amplify or repeat the signal to other frequency band,this action is called downlink • A satellite link is called a microwave link • The most application of satellite communication will be long distance telephone transmission • Private business networks and television distribution

  27. Fiber Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Optic Data Rate/ 4Mbps 500Mbps Upto Bandwidth 100Gbps Repeater Spacing 1-10Km 1-10Km 10-100Km Electromagnetism Affected Affected Not affected Comparison of Twisted Pair,Coaxial Cable and Optic fiber

  28. Optic Fiber Satellite Reconfiguration Not possible Possible Bandwidth Practically upto 36-72MHz 10 GHz Weather Condition Affected by storm Not affected by storm Electromagnetic Not affected Affected Interference Comparison of Satellite and Optic Fiber

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