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Origins of American Governance: English Colonists' Journey to Freedom

The English colonists brought the need for an ordered social system and introduced the concept of limited government, advocating for government that serves the will of the people. This timeline delves into the formation of the Thirteen Original Colonies, exploring the three types of colonies and the colonists' responses to British rule, including pivotal events like the Stamp Act and Townshend Act. It also covers the formation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights, detailing the competing ideologies of Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Discover the key figures and conflicts that shaped the early American governance system.

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Origins of American Governance: English Colonists' Journey to Freedom

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  1. Chapter 2 Origins of American Government

  2. The English colonists brought… • need for an ordered social system • Concept of government • limited government • government should not be all-powerful. • representative government • government that serves the will of the people.

  3. Timeline of American Rights

  4. The Thirteen Original Colonies

  5. Three types of colonies: • royal colonies - ruled directly by the English monarchy. • proprietary colonies – land granted by king • charter colonies -self-governed

  6. Sec 2 • The Redcoats are coming!!

  7. Colonists Response to British Rule 1754-76 Until the mid-1700s, colonies allowed freedom. In 1760, King George III imposed new taxes and laws on the colonists. Stamp Act Sugar Act Townsend Act Intolerable Acts

  8. British Colonial Policies • Colonists responded by • Making a confederation • *Not the first time for a confederation* • 1600s-New England colonies • 1754-Albany Plan of Union • proposed an annual congress • protest

  9. Stamp Act Townsend Act Tea Act Intolerable Acts Stamp Act Congress Sons of Liberty Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Led to Intolerable Acts Continental Congress forms Acts by the King Colonial Responses

  10. Why do people in Boston seem to want to protest more?

  11. Adams, Jefferson, Paine Adams urges revolution in Congresses What was the original purpose of these various Congresses? Paine-publishes “Common Sense” What is it about? What effect does it have? Jefferson-authors Declaration of Independence States create their own constitutions

  12. Common Features of State Constitutions • Popular Sovereignty • Limited Government • Civil Rights and Liberties • Separation of Powers • Checks and Balances

  13. Sec 3 • We wanted freedom • We wanted to govern ourselves • There might be a concept of TOO much freedom

  14. Creation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights 1781-90 Victorious colonies stay with Articles of Confederation as their government. What were the positive/negative aspects to this type of government? Event pushes US to fix their government. Shay’s Rebellion

  15. The Articles of Confederation “a firm league of friendship” among the States. • Obligations • Obey Congress • Respect the laws of the other States. • Powers • Declare war • Deal with national finance issues • Settle disputes among the States.

  16. Sec 4 • Roads to a Working Constitution

  17. Creation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights 1781-90 Constitutional Convention is called. Issues at first between big state and small states. Why? What were the plans of big and small states when it came to the legislative branch?

  18. Famous Founding Fathers • Leaders of the Philadelphia Convention • James Madison • Governor Morris • Alexander Hamilton • George Washington • Leaders Not Present • Patrick Henry-refused • Samuel Adams-not selected • John Hancock-not selected • Thomas Jefferson-in Paris • Thomas Paine-in Paris • John Adams-in England

  19. Conflicting Plans Virginia Plan 3 branches 2 houses of congress – bicameral Number of reps determined by population New Jersey Plan 3 branches 1 house of congress Equal number of reps for all states

  20. The Great Compromise Known as the Connecticut Compromise Combine Plans 2 houses of Congress House of Reps – based on population Slaves count as 3/5 of a person Senate – 2 reps per state Large and Small states benefit

  21. Sec 5 • Hamilton vs Jefferson It’s on!

  22. Creation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights 1781-90 Constitution drafted Sept 17th, 1787 Disagreement immediately on whether or not it should be approved and ratified. Two Rival Groups form Federalist Anti-Federalist

  23. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists Federalists Supported constitution strong federal gov’t Would create a strong stable nation Anti-Federalists opposed constitution Power in the states Federal gov’t would abuse power Gov’t should be close to home

  24. The Federalist Papers-Stats • 85 articles • Advocate NY to adopt Constitution • James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay • Explains Constitution and why it was necessary

  25. Bill of Rights Only way states would agree 12 Amendments sent around to states for ratification 10 were approved What are they? http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/billofrights/

  26. Ratification was not unanimous • Only needed 9/13ths to ratify • Interesting Fact: Not all states had approved the Constitution by Washington’s presidency

  27. Inaugurating the Government • new Congress met first time- March 4, 1789 • quorum (majority) on April 6 • George Washington-unanimously elected by electoral votes & inaugurated on April 30.

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