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AQUA-CSP: Technologies and Market Potential for Combined CSP and Desalination

This report analyzes the technologies, market potential, and socio-economic and environmental impacts of combining concentrated solar power (CSP) and desalination technologies. It compares CSP/RO and CSP/MED reference plants and concludes that CSP has great potential for large-scale seawater desalination.

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AQUA-CSP: Technologies and Market Potential for Combined CSP and Desalination

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  1. Work Packages: 1. Technologies (combination of CSP and desalting technologies) 2. Water Resources and Solar Energy Resources 3. Demand Side Scenario 4. Market Potential 2000-2050 5. Socio-Economic Impacts 6. Environmental Impacts 7. Literature  Final Report a la MED-CSP and TRANS-CSP by end 2007

  2. WP 1: Technologies Desalination Overview

  3. WP 1: Technologies Desalination Overview

  4. WP 1: Technologies CSP Overview

  5. Combined Heat & Power Heat Only Power Only Solar Field Storage Solar Field Storage Solar Field Storage solarheat solarheat fuel fuel solarheat grid PowerPlant PowerPlant fuel heat MED MED RO Water Power Water Power Water Power WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Definition MED: Multi-Effect-Distillation RO: Reverse Osmosis Membrane Desalination

  6. Heat Only Solar Field Storage solarheat grid fuel MED Water Power WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Definition • Low temperature, low cost direct heat • Novatec Fresnel and Solitem Trough

  7. Power Only Solar Field Storage solarheat fuel PowerPlant RO Water Power WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Definition • High temperature solar heat • Steam Cycle with Trough, Tower or Fresnel • Combined Cycle or Gas Turbine with Tower • REFOS Concept DLR (USHYNE Project)

  8. Combined Heat & Power Solar Field Storage solarheat fuel PowerPlant heat MED Water Power WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Definition • High temperature solar heat • Steam Cycle with Trough, Tower or Fresnel • Combined Cycle or Gas Turbine with Tower • REFOS Concept DLR (USHYNE Project)

  9. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Selection Possible combinations of CSP and desalination: which one could be the reference case for the AQUA-CSP study? Parabolic Trough Linear Fresnel Central Receiver Steam Turbine Gas Turbine Combined Cycle MED RO

  10. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Selection • Why Linear Fresnel as CSP-Reference? • Best Land Use Efficiency  seashore, populated areas, industry, tourism • Low Weight & Simple Structure  Potential for Low Cost • Easy Integration to Environment  shade, agriculture, parking etc. • Less wind load and easier cleaning  lower operation & maintenance cost Using Fresnel as Reference does not exclude other CSP Technologies!

  11. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Selection Specific weight of solar field per aperture area: Fresnel (Novatec) 28 kg/m² Trough (Andasol) 135 kg/m² Tower (Solar Tres) 122 kg/m² Output of 110,000 m² (land area) solar field

  12. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Selection Novatec Andasol PS 10

  13. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Task: 24,000 m³/day + 21 MW net power for 7 different sites in MENA

  14. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis

  15. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Status 2007 130,000 m² 120,000 m² 25 MW gross 25 MW gross 24,000 m³/d 24,000 m³/d

  16. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Status 2007 Increasing thermal energy storage = increasing cost

  17. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Status 2020 Increasing thermal energy storage = decreasing cost

  18. WP 1: Technologies Reference Plant Analysis Comparison of CSP/MED and CSP/RO Reference Plants: • CSP/MED requires about 10 % less input energy than CSP/RO • Investment for CSP/MED is about 10 % higher than for CSP/RO • Overall cost of water of CSP/MED is about 10 % lower than for CSP/RO • Contradiction to Literature

  19. WP 1: Technologies CSP vs. other Renewables Task: 10 MW Firm Power Capacity for RO CSP+Storage: 10 MW installed, 10 % Fuel PV+Backup: 20 MW installed, 75 % Fuel Wind+Backup: 20 MW installed, 60 % Fuel

  20. WP 1: Technologies Conclusions • Base load capability makes CSP best suited renewable source for large scale desalination • MSF is the least efficient desalination technology with high energy demand • CSP/MED and CSP/RO have similar technical and economic performance, no preference for either one can be seen without detailed site assessment • Linear Fresnel collector fields are particularly well suited for seawater desalination • Present cost of CSP desalination between 1 - 2 €/m³ • Medium term cost of 0.2 - 0.3 €/m³ is achievable in combination with power generation and using solar energy storage  CSP technology is ready for the seawater desalination market

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