Structure of Matter

1. Structure of Matter Classifying and Applying Particle Theory

2. Characteristics of Solids, Liquids and Gases

3. Plasma • very hot gas • made up of charged particles (both positive and negative) … that is what the word “ionized” means. • influenced by electric and magnetic fields.

4. This state of matter expands when heated and contracts when cooled. • Solids • Liquids • Gases • All three

5. Particles are moving the fastest in this state of matter. • Solids • Liquids • Gases • All three

6. Particles have the most energy in this state of matter. • Solids • Liquids • Gases • All three

7. Particles take the shape of their container but keep a constant volume. • Solids • Liquids • Gases • All three

8. Particles maintain a constant shape and volume. • Solids • Liquids • Gases • All three

9. Particles are always moving. • Solids • Liquids • Gases • All three

10. What are these particles?

11. Still creating particles … atoms. • New Element 115 Takes a Seat at the Periodic Table • Scientists create a very heavy atom with a very short life span • By Jeffrey Kluger Aug. 28, 20130

12. Atoms combine to form molecules.

13. Mixtures • In grade 7 we simply refer to atoms and molecules as particles. • If we have a container will all one type of particle we call it a pure substance. • If we have a container that has two or more different particles in it we have a mixture.

16. Classify the following as pure substance “A” or mixture “B.” • tap water • salt water • the air we breathe • a tank of helium gas • distilled water • a pizza • aluminum foil • table sugar

17. Types of Mixtures Homogeneous mixtures • otherwise called “solutions” • look the same througout; you see one thing • more than one type of particle but mixed uniformly • seawater, steel, tea

18. Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures • otherwise called “mechanical mixtures” • you see more than one thing • more than one type of visible particle • pizza, soil, salt and pepper

19. Classify the following as solutions “A” or mechanical mixtures “B.” • fruit salad • apple juice • pizza dough before cooking • tap water • the air we breathe • greek salad

20. A closer look at solutions. to dissolve Solute Solvent

21. Identify the solute in each of the following solutions. • A salt water solution is used to disinfect an infected toe. • Windshield washer is a solution of alcohol in water. • Nail polish will dissolve in nail polish remover thus cleaning your nails. • Instant coffee is made by dissolving crystals in boiling water.

22. Identify the solvent in each of the following solutions. • A solution of little bleach in water will make the laundry whiter. • Brass is a solution of molten zinc or tin dissolved in molten copper and then allowed to harden. • Kool-aide crystals dissolved into water make a tasty drink. • Air is made up of mostly nitrogen with some oxygen and other gases mixed throughout.

23. What factors affect the rate at which a solute will dissolve in a solvent? • Temperature of solvent • Amount of solvent • Type of solvent • Crystal size of solute if it is a solid • Pressure applied to system • Whether the mixture is stirred or not.